When we learn a language, there are four skills that we need for
complete communication. When we learn our native language, we usually
learn to listen first, then to speak, then to read, and finally to write. These are called the four "language skills".
The five skills of language (also known as the four skills of language learning)
are a set of four capabilities that allow an individual to comprehend
and produce spoken language for proper and effective interpersonal
communication.
These skills are Listening, Speaking, Reading, and Writing.
In the context of first-language acquisition, the four skills are most
often acquired in the order of listening first, then speaking, then
possibly reading and writing. For this reason, these capabilities are
often called LSRW skills.
English Language has 5 main skills and each skill has other sub-skills
and skill activities. The main skills are all basic and very important.
They are called the Macro skills.
Macro skills refer to the primary,
key, main, and largest skill set relative to a particular context. It is
commonly referred to in English language.
The four macro skills are
reading, listening, writing, and speaking. You have to perfect
them in order to use your English language properly. Listening and
speaking are brain input skills but reading and writing are brain output
skills.
Of
course, there other skills such as pronunciation, grammar, vocabulary,
and spelling all play a role in effective English communicate.
Receptive VS productive:
Languages are generally taught and assessed in terms of the ‘four
skills’: listening, speaking, reading, and writing. Listening and
reading are known as ‘receptive’ skills while speaking and writing are
known as ‘productive’ skills. Listening to and reading content in the language you are learning is a great way to develop your vocabulary and comprehension.
Developing your speaking skills will involve gaining fluency in spoken
interactions with others, as well as practicing your pronunciation. To practice pronunciation try reading aloud or repeating after a
recorded text, trying to reproduce the pronunciation and intonation of
the original.
As in your first language, your writing will be improved by becoming a critical reader
- try to think actively about how texts are structured and what kinds
of phrases or vocabulary are used for different purposes (e.g.
introducing a topic, describing, comparing and contrasting, writing
conclusions)
1-Listening
General listening skills are your ability to understand meaning.
When someone speaks you understand what they want to say.
Focused
listening skills are your ability to hear particular sounds.
Each
language has a set of sounds: these are the vowels and
consonants
specific to the language.
You should understand the main ideas of most speech in a standard
dialect.You should demonstrate an emerging awareness of culturally
implied meanings beyond the surface meanings of the text.
2-Speaking
The ability to speak confidently and fluently is something which
children will develop during their time at school, and something that
will help them throughout their life.
Speaking skills are defined as the skills which allow us to
communicate effectively. They give us the ability to convey information
verbally and in a way that the listener can understand.
Children will learn English speaking skills as well as speaking
skills in other languages, in primary and secondary school. Learning how
to develop English speaking skills is so important for ESL students and
EAL students too. It's one of the most important parts of language
learning as speaking is how we tend to communicate in everyday life.
Speaking is an interactive process where information is shared, and
if necessary, acted upon by the listener. So, it’s important to develop
both speaking and listening skills in order to communicate effectively.
You should be understood without difficulty by natives, and converse in a clear and participatory fashion
You should be able to initiate, sustain, and bring closure to a wide variety of communicative tasks.
You should be able to narrate and describe concrete and abstract topics using sustained, connected discourse.
3-Reading
Decoding, fluency, and vocabulary skills
are key to reading comprehension. Being able to connect ideas within
and between sentences helps kids understand the whole text.
Reading
aloud and talking about experiences can help kids build reading skills. Phonological and phonemic awareness, phonics and decoding, fluency,
and print concepts are widely recognized as foundational reading skills.
You should easily follow the essential points of written text.
You should be able to understand parts of texts which are
conceptually abstract and linguistically complex.
4-Writing
You should be able to address a variety of topics with significant precision and detail.
You
should be able to write competently about topics relating to particular
interests and write clearly about special fields of competence.
You should be able to organize writings with a sense of theoretical structure. Here are the five most common types of writing styles, a quick exploration of each and some new strategies for teaching them.
Narrative Writing. ...
Analytical Writing. ...
Expository Writing. ...
Persuasive Writing. ...
Argumentative Writing.
5-Cultural awareness
Someone's cultural awareness
is their understanding of the
differences between themselves and people
from other countries or
other backgrounds, especially differences in
attitudes and values. ...
programs to promote diversity and cultural awareness within the
industry.
ما هو الاستماع؟
يعتبر الاستماع
أول مهارة لغوية نكتسبها في لغتنا الأم. و هو ما يعرف بمهارة الاستقبال ،
أو المهارة المجهولة أو السلبية ، وهي تتطلب منا استخدام آذاننا وأدمغتنا
لفهم اللغة مباشرة أثناء التحدث إلينا
.
و بما أن الاستماع هو مهارة لغة استقبالية، فعادة ما يجد المتعلمون أنها
أصعب مهارات اللغة. و ذلك غالباً لأنهم يشعرون بضغوط لا داعي لها لفهم كل
كلمة (ربما على حدا)
.
ما هو الكلام ( المحادثة )؟
التحدث هو المهارة اللغوية الثانية التي نكتسبها في لغتنا الأم.
وهو ما يعرف بالمهارة الإنتاجية ، أو المهارة النشطة ، حيث يتطلب منا
ذلك استخدام اللسان و الحنجرة (المنطقة الصوتية Vocal Access) بالإضافة إلى
أدمغتنا لإنتاج اللغة بشكل صحيح من خلال الصوت.
و تعتبر هذه المهارة هي الثانية بين اثنتين من مهارات اللغة الطبيعية و
تعتبر هذه المهارة هي الثانية بين مهارات اللغة الطبيعية الأربع
.
ما هي القراءة؟
القراءة هي المهارة اللغوية الثالثة والتي قد نكتسبها في لغتنا الأم.
وكما هو الحال مع الاستماع ، فهي تعد كمهارة استقبال حسية أو سلبية ، حيث
تتطلب منا استخدام أعيننا وأدمغتنا لفهم المكافئ المكتوب للغة المحكية.
و هي واحدة من اثنتين من المهارات اللغوية المصطنعة ( المفتعلة )، حيث لا تحتوي جميع اللغات المنطوقة الطبيعية على نظام كتابة
ما هي الكتابة؟
تعتبر الكتابة رابع المهارات اللغوية التي قد نكتسبها في لغتنا الأم.
وكما هي الحال في مهارة التحدث ، فهي تعد مهارة منتجة أو نشطة ، حيث
تتطلب منا استخدام أيدينا وأدمغتنا لإنتاج الرموز المكتوبة التي تمثل لغتنا
المنطوقة