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1.Initiation stage
The
procedure begins with an initiation, a means of
“warming up” to the topic. During this stage, the
teacher presents two pictures that relate to the
chosen topic.
2. Input stage
The
next stage activates the learners’ receptive skills
based on authentic input. The teacher reads a short
text aloud to the class at a normal
rate of speed.
Learners are asked to recreate the ideas and
correct sequences presented in the text.
3. Independent stage
Once
the teacher has verified that most of the learners
have completed an outline, a list of key words, or a
concept map to guide their organization, learners
continue with the independent stage and reproduce
in their own words as much of the original text as
they can.
Learners must recall the essence of the original text
by writing one paragraph that includes as many details
and language sequences as possible.
At this point, the teacher has options regarding
feedback. One approach is to have the learners
create the stories individually, with no intervention
from the teacher; this approach allows the teacher
to see exactly what learners can achieve individually.
4. Independent internalization stage
Once the students have completed their texts to
the best of their ability, the teacher hands out the
original text or projects it on a screen for the
entire class to view.
This process of comparing personal
texts to the
original is referred to as independent internalization;
it
allows learners to notice differences in lexicon,
grammar, punctuation,
capitalization, and spelling,
among other things.
When learners notice that a change is needed,
they make annotations to their texts by using a
colored pen or pencil to cross out words and make
notes along the margins of the text without erasing
their original text.
5. Interactive stage
The interactive stage allows learners to shift from a
self-correcting to a peer-correcting activity. In groups
of three, students exchange texts and look for
additional mistakes that went undetected during
the independent internalization
stage.
When students detect an error, they discuss it with
the group (without making any annotations) in order
to arrive at a group consensus.
6. Final internalization stage
During
the final internalization stage, students
scrutinize the text, and each
learner completes a
reflection sheet by indicating the types of errors he
or she committed, how each error was detected,
and knowledge of the error.
