Linguistics

Mr. / Girgis

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E-mail 1 : girgishannaharoun@yahoo.co.uk

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“For I know the plans I have for you,

declares the Lord, plans for welfare

and not for evil, to give you a future

and a hope.”—Jeremiah 29:11

What about"Linguistics"

What about Collocations?

What about Idioms?

What about Phrasal verbs?

What about Chunks?

What about Slangs?

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Humor:

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Father: How do you like

going to school?

Son: The going bit is fine

, as is the coming home

bit too, but I’m not too

keen on the time.

Dear visitor,

Use the language selector above to go

through my whole site using any native

language you speak,

then you can enjoy my YouTube channel.

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موقعى باستخدامها . استخدم المؤشر

لذى فى الاعلى

I register a video presentation in my

YouTube channel for each page of my

site.

Next,use the other world site selector

above to go to the search engine site or

the social media site you like.

My YouTube Channel:

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التعليم الجديد والتصحيح الكترونيا

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Linguistics

Usually, when you think of linguistics the word

“languages” comes to mind, but Linguistics is the

scientific study of language*. Linguistics aims to

define how languages are developed in the human

mind and describes how human languages are formed

and how they work. This includes language structure,

sociolinguistics, grammar, syntax, semantics and,

phonetics.

Relevant topics:

Click here to go to online English Grammar and

vocabulary tests with automated scoring, online, too.

1-English Grammar.

2-English vocabulary.

3-English collocations

4-English Slangs.

5-English idioms and phrasal verbs.

6-English Business vocabulary.

What is linguistics all about?

Linguistics is a very descriptive field and the research

tends to be observation-based and reflects on the

analysis of human languages by dismantling their

form, evolution, development and studying how they

function. It is very much comparable to breaking up

languages and figuring out how they work.

Linguistics research tries to find answers to how our

brains put together sentences (structure), how we are

able to learn new languages (language acquisition)

and why languages change. The study of linguistics

looks into the analysis of factors that influence

language such as; social, cultural, philosophical

and political causes.

When did linguistics emerge?

The earliest account introducing modern linguistics

was found in the nineteenth-century whose

development is credited to Noam Chomsky: American

linguist and one of the founders of the field of cognitive

science.

The shift to modern linguistics came from

historical changes in languages over time. Linguistics

is regarded as a science in some areas as it uses

scientific methods to determine language quality.

Why is linguistics important?

Linguists are in demand because their knowledge of

linguistics helps us to better understand our place in

the world. By choosing to study linguistics, your

knowledge of language structure can be applied to

improving verbal and written communications

through translation and treating speech impediments.

Definition:

It is the scientific study of^languageand involves an

analysis of language form, language meaning,

and language in context.

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Branches

Linguistics include :

Morphology, Syntax, Phonetics, Phonology, Semantics,

Pragmatics, Sociology-linguistics, Language Acquisition,

Historical linguistics, Classification of language

and Bibliography.

Click below to learn about each:

Introduction to the linguistics of English.

What is Linguistics?

What is Morphology?

What is Neurolinguistics?

What is Sociolinguistics?

What is Language Acquisition?

What is Historical Linguistics?

Classification of Languages

Linguistics Bibliography

What is Pragmatics?

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Collocation:

A collocation is two or more words that often go together.

These combinations just sound "right" to native English

speakers, who use them all the time.

Click here to know more about Collocation.

Examples:

Word "BIG":

The word big is often used in collocations with a

happening or event, for example:

a big accomplishment

a big decision

a big disappointment

a big failure

a big improvement

a big mistake

a big surprise

Word " Great":

EX; Great admiration, anger, enjoyment,

excitement, fun,happiness, joy,....."

Other Collocations :

Get a chance, get a job, get ready, get a ticket, get a

call, save and sound, sales force, satisfy demand, satisfy, keep a diary, keep a promise, keep a

secret, keep an appointment, keep busy, keep fit,

keep in touch, keep quiet, kick a goal, know better,....

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Kinds of Collocations:

Adjective and noun

Bright color.

Nouns and verbs

The internet has created opportunities for his company.

Noun + noun

a surge of anger

a sense of pride

a pang of nostalgia

Verb and expression with prepositions

You could see his sister swelling with pride.

I was filled with horror when I read the newspaper

report of the war.

When she spilt apple-juice on her new blue skirt the

little girl burst into tears.

Verbs and adverbs

He pulled steadily on the rope and helped her to safety.

She placed the beautiful jar gently on the window ledge.

‘I love you and want to marry you,’ Michael whispered

softly to Clare.

He smiled proudly as he looked at the photos of his

new granddaughter.

Adverbs and adjectives

Ben and Jane are happily married.

You are fully aware that there are serious problems.

George was blissfully unaware that he was in danger.

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Idioms:

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English Language is rich in its idiomatic expressions or

in other words, it is rich in its idioms as a an important

resource of knowledge in English . An idiom is a

common word or phrase with a culturally understood

meaning that differs from what its composite words'

denotations would suggest.

If English isn't your native language, the best thing that

you can do is have conversations with native speakers

and ask them about phrases that you don't understand.

Idiomatic expressions are a type of informal English

that have a meaning different from the meaning of the

words in the expression.

Since idioms are influenced by the culture, learning the

idioms of a language can be very interesting and

enlightening! These idioms are various and several.

At the same time , they are little difficult studies.

The learner must make great efforts to master them.

Idioms :

A) A B C D

B) E F G H

C) I J K l

D) M N O P

E) Q R S T

F) U V W

X Y Z

Idioms lesson video.

Examples:

A day late and a dollar short

A fool and his money are soon parted

A fool at 40 is a fool forever

Around the clock

Arm and a leg

Make waves, make or break, off the top of your head,

off hands, off the wall, out of the woods, out of the left

field, ugly as a stick, uncle Sam, under a cloud, up to

the neck, wag the dog, waiting in the wings, whole nine

yards, whole shebang,

Phrasal Verbs:

It’s like cooking: combine flour and water, stick it in the

oven for a bit, and you have bread. If you combine a verb

and certain prepositions, and stick it somewhere in a

sentence, you have a phrasal verb.

However, baking the dough in a gas oven will obviously

result in a different flavor than baking the dough over an

open fire; phrasal verbs don’t require such varied

treatment to have a different meaning, even if you’re

working with the same two words.

Sometimes all that’s required is they phrasal verb being

used in a different room of the house. This is where

the idiomatic meaning comes in.

Click here to know more about Phrasal Verbs.

Examples:

Look:

Look at, Look for, Look out, Look after, Look

like, Look up, Look around, Look back, Look down,

Look in,......

Get:

up, back, in, out, on, off, along, ahead, on, in,.....

Pick:

Pick up, Pick out, Take back, come up with, pay for,

sell off, sell out, try on, try out, bring in, queue, fork

out, splash out, blow up, break down,...

Click here to know more about Phrasal Verbs.

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Slang

Slang is a type of language consisting of words and

phrases that are considered to be very informal more

common in speech than in writing typically restricted

to a particular context or group of people.

The problem for learners of English is to know when

or when not to use slang. Many people condemn slang,

but in fact we all use it. The trick is to use slang in the

right context.

For the learner, perhaps the first thing to remember is

that slang is normally spoken, not written. The second

thing is that you may wish to learn slang so that you

can understand it when you hear it, but not

necessarily to use it.

Click here to know more about Slang of English Language.

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Examples:

Bail — Intransitive verb for leaving abruptly.

Feeling blue; have the blues —

A feeling of depression or sadness.

A buck — Slang term for a the American dollar.

By the skin of (my/your/his/her) teeth — just barely.

Creep (n.) — An unpleasantly weird/strange person.

Couch Potato — A lazy person who spends the bulk

of their time engaged in things that can be done while

sitting on a couch.

Cram — To study feverishly before an exam typically

done after neglecting to study consistently.

Crash — To abruptly fall asleep, or to show up without

invitation.

Down to earth — And adjective for practicality and

lack of pretense.

Drive up the wall — To irritate.

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Chunks

When experienced readers read a text, they are able

to recognize groups of words, such as noun phrases

or verb phrases, that go together to create meaning.

This is known as 'chunking' and it is a way of

describing how fluent readers are able

to read a text.

Click here to know more about Chunks.

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1-Chunks in speaking:

Examples:

We use chunks like:

1-You know,

2-You know what I mean,

3-I know what you’re saying,to check and show

understanding between speaker and listener.

2-Chunks in writing:

On the other hand,................

First of all..............

As a matter of fact,...

As a result,..........

And so forth,..........

3-Chunks as frames:

1- I don't know if...............

2-You know the boy who cried in the street yesterday?

Other Resources:

External Links:

5-What is "Linguistics"?

6-British and Australian slang

7-American and Australian slang

Forum, 2016

Volume 54, Number 2

1-Listening Journals

2-Literature

3-Mapping to Teach EFL Reading

4-Reader's Guide

5- Audiovisual Feedback in EF

6-Foster Community

7- Human Mind Maps

8-My Classroom: Burma

9-Collaborative Mind Mapping

10-The Lighter Side: A Maps Mind

11-Quizzes, Games