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Humor:
Father: How do you like going to school?
Son: The going bit is fine, as is the coming home bit too, but I’m not too keen on the time.
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Definition:
It is the scientific study of language and involves an analysis of language form, language meaning, and language in context.
Linguistics:
Linguistics include a lot of branches like:
Morphology, Syntax, Phonetics, Phonology, Semantics, Pragmatics, Socio-linguistics, Language Acquisition, Historical linguistics, Classification of language and Bibliography.
Click below to learn about each:
Introduction to the linguistics of English.
What is Historical Linguistics?
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Collocation:
Definition:
A collocation is two or more words that often go together. These combinations just sound "right" to native English speakers, who use them all the time.
Click here to know more about Collocation.
Examples:
Word "BIG":
The word big is often used in collocations with a happening or event, for example:
a big accomplishment
a big decision
a big disappointment
a big failure
a big improvement
a big mistake
a big surprise
Word " Great":
EX; Great admiration, anger, enjoyment,
excitement, fun,happiness, joy,....."
Other collocations:
Get a chance, get a kob, get ready, get a ticket, get a call,save and sound, sales force, satisfy demand, satisfy requirement, keep a diary, keep a promise, keep a secret, keep an appointment, keep busy, keep fit, keep in touch, keep quiet, kick a goal, know better,................................
Kinds of Collocations:
Adjective and noun
Bright color.
Nouns and verbs
The internet has created opportunities for his company.
Noun + noun
a surge of anger
a sense of pride
a pang of nostalgia
Verb and expression with prepositions
You could see his sister swelling with pride.
I was filled with horror when I read the newspaper report of the war.
When she spilt apple-juice on her new blue skirt the little girl burst into tears.
Verbs and adverbs
He pulled steadily on the rope and helped her to safety.
She placed the beautiful jar gently on the window ledge.
‘I love you and want to marry you,’ Michael whispered softly to Clare.
He smiled proudly as he looked at the photos of his new granddaughter.
Adverbs and adjectives
Ben and Jane are happily married.
You are fully aware that there are serious problems.
George was blissfully unaware that he was in danger.
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Idioms:
English Language is rich in its idiomatic expressions or in other words, it is rich in its idioms as a an important resource of knowledge in English . An idiom is a
common word or phrase with a culturally understood meaning that differs
from what its composite words' denotations would suggest. If English isn't your native language, the best thing that you can do is
have conversations with native speakers and ask them about phrases that
you don't understand. Idiomatic expressions are a type of informal English that have a meaning
different from the meaning of the words in the expression. Since idioms are influenced by the culture,
learning the idioms of a language can be very interesting and
enlightening! These idioms are various and several. At the same time , they are little difficult studies. The learner must make great efforts to master them.
Click down below to know about idioms in detail:
Idioms :
Watch the idioms lesson video.
Examples:
A fool and his money are soon parted
A fool at 40 is a fool forever
Other idioms:
Make waves, make or break, off the top of your head, off hands,off the wall,out of the woods,out of the left field,ugly as a stick,uncle Sam, under a cloud, up to the neck, wag the dog, waiting in the wings,whole nine yards, whole shebang, ......................................................................
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Phrasal Verbs:
It’s like cooking: combine flour and water, stick it in the oven for a bit, and you have bread. If you combine a verb and certain prepositions, and stick it somewhere in a sentence, you have a phrasal verb. However, baking the dough in a gas oven will obviously result in a different flavor than baking the dough over an open fire; phrasal verbs don’t require such varied treatment to have a different meaning, even if you’re working with the same two words. Sometimes all that’s required is they phrasal verb being used in a different room of the house. This is where the idiomatic meaning comes in.
Click here to know more about Phrasal Verbs.
Examples:
Look: Look at, Look for, Look out, Look after, Look like, Look up, Look around, Look back, Look down, Look in,..........................................
Get: up, back, in, out, on, off, along, ahead, on in,..................
Pick: Pick up, Pick out, Take back, come up with, pay for, sell off, sell out, try on, try out, bring in, queue, fork out, splash out, blow up, break down,...
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Slang
Slang is a type of language consisting of words and phrases that are considered to be very informal more common in speech than in writing typically restricted to a particular context or group of people. The problem for learners of English is to know when or when not to use slang. Many people condemn slang, but in fact we all use it. The trick is to use slang in the right context. For the learner, perhaps the first thing to remember is that slang is normally spoken, not written. The second thing is that you may wish to learn slang so that you can understand it when you hear it, but not necessarily to use it.
Click here to know more about Slang of English Language.
American Slang Words and Phrases
Examples:
Bail — Intransitive verb for leaving abruptly.
Feeling blue; have the blues — A feeling of depression or sadness.
A buck — Slang term for a the American dollar.
By the skin of (my/your/his/her) teeth — just barely.
Creep (n.) — An unpleasantly weird/strange person.
Couch Potato — A lazy person who spends the bulk of their time engaged in things that can be done while sitting on a couch.
Cram — To study feverishly before an exam typically done after neglecting to study consistently.
Crash — To abruptly fall asleep, or to show up without invitation.
Down to earth — And adjective for practicality and lack of pretense.
Drive up the wall — To irritate.
For Real — A proclamation of honesty.
Going Dutch — When each person, usually in a dating scenario, pays for his/her own meal.
The cold shoulder — A metaphor for deliberately ignoring someone.
Give a ring — To call someone on the telephone.
Hyped (adj.) — A very excited state.
Hang out — To casually gather together or spend time with someone in a social manner.
Jack up — An abrupt increase, typically in the price of something.
Knock — To speak negatively, to disparage, to badmouth.
Lighten up — To relax and take things too seriously. Typically stated as an appeal to someone who is acting uptight.
Pass the buck — To deflect responsibility onto someone else.
Piece of cake — A metaphor to describe something that is easy or effortless.
Pig out — A metaphor for binge eating.
Plead the fifth — References
the fifth amendment to the U.S. Constitution, which allows a witness in
court to refuse questions on the grounds that they risk
self-incrimination.
Screw up — To make a mistake, i.e. mess up.
Sweet — An adjective that describes something that is good, or nice.
Tight — An adjective that describes closeness between competitors, i.e. a tight competition.
Trash — Can be used as an intransitive verb for destruction. e.g. “He trashed the car.”
Uptight — Stuffy, persnickety, the opposite of relaxed.
Wrap (something) up — To finish or complete something.
Zonked — Completely exhausted.Our
next post will cover British slang terms that Americans find confusing.
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Chunks:
When experienced readers read a text, they are able to recognise groups of words, such as noun phrases or verb phrases, that go together to create meaning. This is known as 'chunking' and it is a way of describing how fluent readers are able to read a text.
Click here to know more about Chunks.
1-Chunks in Speaking:
Examples:
We use chunks like:
1-You know,
2-You know what I mean,
3-I know what you’re saying,
to check and show understanding between speaker and listene.
2-Chunks in writing:
On the other hand,............................................
First of all,............................................................
As a matter of fact,..............................................
As a result,..........................................................
And so forth,........................................................
3-Chunks as frames:
1- I don't know if..............................
2-You know the boy who cried in the street yesterday?
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4-American slang
5-What is "Linguistics"?
6-British and Australian slang
7-American and Australian slang
8-Stress in English pronunciation.
9-Click here to go to (Proverbs) page
10-Quizzes, Games And English dictionary
11-Click here to go to ( prepositions) page.
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