Prepositions

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“The sufferings of this present time are not worth comparing with the glory that is to be revealed to us.”

—Romans 8:18

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Teacher: I hope I didn't see you looking at Maria's answers.

Student: I sure hope you didn't, either!

Use the other language selector on my home page above to go through my whole site using any native language you speak,

then use the video above to see and listen to the same teaching topic in text below.

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Prepositions

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A dictionary for English

Prepositions, Slang,

Collocations, Phrasal verbs

and

idioms?

Click here to get it at once.

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Definition

A preposition is a word or set of words that

indicates location (in, near, beside, on top of) or

some other relationship between a noun or

pronoun and other parts of the sentence (about,

after, besides, instead of, in accordance with).

A preposition isn't a preposition unless it goes with

a related noun or pronoun, called the object of the

prep.

Examples:

Let's meet before noon.

Before is a preposition; noon is its object.

We've never met before.

There is no object; before is an adverb modifying

met.

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in	months / seasons time of day year after a certain period of time (when?)	in August / in winter in the morning in 2006 in an hour
at	for night for weekend a certain point of time (when?)	at night at the weekend at half past nine
since	from a certain point of time (past till now)	since 1980
for	over a certain period of time (past till now)	for 2 years
ago	a certain time in the past	2 years ago
before	earlier than a certain point of time	before 2004
to	telling the time	ten to six (5:50)
past	telling the time	ten past six (6:10)
to / till / until	marking the beginning and end of a period of time	from Monday to/till Friday
till / until	in the sense of how long something is going to last	He is on holiday until Friday.
by	in the sense of at the latest up to a certain time	I will be back by 6 o’clock. By 11 o'clock, I had read five pages.

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Prepositions – Place (Position and

Direction)

English	Usage	Example
in	room, building, street, town, country book, paper etc. car, taxi picture, world	in the kitchen, in London in the book in the car, in a taxi in the picture, in the world
at	meaning next to, by an object for table for events place where you are to do something typical (watch a film, study, work)	at the door, at the station at the table at a concert, at the party at the cinema, at school, at work
on	attached for a place with a river being on a surface for a certain side (left, right) for a floor in a house for public transport for television, radio	the picture on the wall London lies on the Thames. on the table on the left on the first floor on the bus, on a plane on TV, on the radio
by, next to, beside	left or right of somebody or something	Jane is standing by / next to / beside the car.
under	on the ground, lower than (or covered by) something else	the bag is under the table
below	lower than something else but above ground	the fish are below the surface
over	covered by something else meaning more than getting to the other side (also across) overcoming an obstacle	put a jacket over your shirt over 16 years of age walk over the bridge climb over the wall
above	higher than something else, but not directly over it	a path above the lake
across	getting to the other side (also over) getting to the other side	walk across the bridge swim across the lake
through	something with limits on top, bottom and the sides	drive through the tunnel
to	movement to person or building movement to a place or country for bed	go to the cinema go to London / Ireland go to bed
into	enter a room / a building	go into the kitchen / the house
towards	movement in the direction of something (but not directly to it)	go 5 steps towards the house
onto	movement to the top of something	jump onto the table
from	in the sense of where from	a flower from the garden

Other important Prepositions

English Usage Example

from

who gave it

a present from Jane

who/what does it belong to
what does it show

a page of the book
the picture of a palace

who made it

a book by Mark Twain

walking or riding on horseback
entering a public transport vehicle

on foot, on horseback
get on the bus

entering a car / Taxi

get in the car

leaving a public transport vehicle

get off the train

out of

leaving a car / Taxi

get out of the taxi

rise or fall of something
travelling (other than walking or horseriding)

prices have risen by 10 percent
by car, by bus

for age

she learned Russian at 45

about

for topics, meaning what about

we were talking about you

We commonly use prepositions to show a relationship

in space or time or a logical relationship between two

or more people, places or things. Prepositions are

most commonly followed by a noun phrase or

pronoun (underlined):

The last time I saw him he was walking down the
road. I’ll meet you in the cafe opposite the cinema.

It was difficult to sleep during the flight.

It was the worst storm since the 1980s.

Give that to me.

The most common single-word

prepositions are:

about	beside	near	to
above	between	of	towards
across	beyond	off	under
after	by	on	underneath
against	despite	onto	unlike
along	down	opposite	until
among	during	out	up
around	except	outside	upon
as	for	over	via
at	from	past	with
before	in	round	within
behind	inside	since	without
below	into	than
beneath	like	through

Groups of words operate like single

prepositions:

They were unable to attend because of the bad weather in Ireland.

Jack’ll be playing in the team in place of me.

In addition to getting a large fine, both brothers were put in prison for three months.

I always get nervous when I have to speak in front of an audience.

We estimate that there’ll be up to 10,000 people at the concert.

The most common prepositions that consist of groups of words are:

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ahead of	except for	instead of	owing to
apart from	in addition to	near to	such as
as for	in front of	on account of	thanks to
as well as	in place of	on top of	up to
because of	in spite of	out of
due to	inside of	outside of

Prepositions or conjunctions?

Some words which are prepositions also function as

conjunctions. When we use a preposition that is

followed by a clause, it is functioning as a conjunction;

when we use a preposition that is followed by a noun

phrase, it stays as a preposition. Among the most

common are after, as, before, since, until:

After I’d met him last night, I texted his sister at once.
(conjunction)

After the meeting last night, I texted his sister at once.
(preposition)

We’ll just have to wait until they decide what to do.
(conjunction)

Okay, we’ll wait here until six o’clock. (preposition)

Several words which are prepositions also belong to

the word class of adverbs. These include: about,

across, around, before, beyond, in, inside, near,

opposite, outside, past, round, through, under, up,

within:

There were lots of people waiting for a taxi
outside the club. (preposition)

A:
Where’s your cat?

B:
She’s outside. (adverb)

The gallery is opposite the Natural History Museum.
(preposition)

A:

Can you tell me where the bus station is?
B:

It’s over there, just opposite. (adverb)

Common prepositions that show relationships of

space often have abstract as well as concrete

meanings.

Compare

That map you need is behind* the filing cabinet.* (basic spatial sense or position)	Everyone is behind* the government.* (behind = gives support)
Beyond the hotel were beautiful mountains. (basic spatial sense or position)	Learning Chinese in a year was beyond* them all.* (beyond = too difficult for)

Some common prepositions such as at, in and on

can have abstract meanings:

I think you will both need to discuss the problem in
private.

All three singers were dressed in black.

You now have the next day at leisure and can do
whatever you wish.

Our dog stays on guard all night, even when he’s
sleeping!

We commonly use prepositions after adjectives. Here

are the most common adjective + preposition patterns.

adjectives	preposition
aware, full	of	They weren’t aware of* the time.*
different, separate	from	Is French very different from* Spanish?*
due, similar	to	This picture is similar to* the one in our living room.*
familiar, wrong	with	What’s wrong with* Isabelle?*
good, surprised*	at	We were really surprised at* the price of food in restaurants on our holiday.*
interested	in	Lots of people are interested in* Grand Prix racing but I’m not.*
responsible, good	for	Exercise is good for* everyone.*
worried, excited	about	We’re really excited about* our trip to Argentina.*