New Vocabulary
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~ Psalms 147:3
Humor:
Teacher: You missed
school yesterday, didn’t
you?
Pupil: Not very much!
Dear visitor,
الذى فى الاعلى
Teaching new Voc according to
their kind:
A-Does the new word refer to a concrete or
abstract word?
B-What is its part of speech?
Each kind has its method of
presentation:
1-Introducing nouns, things, objects, animals, etc…
Visual elements work best with concrete nouns,
but try to go beyond flashcards and illustrations.
Try to use real objects whenever possible, or even
sounds, smells, and tastes. Appeal to all of your
students’ senses!
2-Introducing adjectives
Opposites, like “big” and “small”, “long” and “short”,
are usually illustrated with pictures, but here’s
another case where realia will help you teach new
adjectives; the use of real life objects is
wonderful for words like “soft” and “rough”,
adjectives that may take precious minutes of
class time to explain.
For more advanced adjectives, like “stunning”,
“gorgeous”, “spectacular”, “huge”, or “immense”,
bring in photos of famous sights from around the
world like the Louvre, Egyptian pyramids,
the Eiffel Tower, etc…then use these new
adjectives to describe these places in ways that
clearly illustrate their meaning.
3-Introducing Verbs:
Verbs can be taught through real situations, real
material and acting the scene that contains the
new vocabulary. Assimilation can be used also.
4- Introducing abstracts
Methods of teaching vocabulary:
Adults (either alone or with the child(ren)) should
preview reading materials to determine which
words are unfamiliar. Then these words should
be defined and discussed.
It is important for the adult to not only tell the
child(ren) what the word means, but also to
discuss its meaning. This allows the child(ren)
to develop an understanding of the word’s
connotations as well as its denotation.
Also, discussion provides the adult with feedback
about how well the child(ren) understands the
word.After pre-teaching vocabulary words, the
child(ren) should read the text.
New Vocabulary ( Activity ) :
A Practice Example:
1-Guided practice:
The collocation is: (Be Fond of )
The Chunk is: / Football - Basketball /
The prompts are:
What are you..............................
Me? I am.....................................
---------------------------------------------------
Learner 1 : What are you fond of ?
Learner 2 : I am fond of................... .
What about you?
Learner 1 : Me? I am fond of...........................
2-Free Practice :
/ Swimming - Diving /
Learner 2 : I am fond of............... What about you?
Learner 1 : Me? I am fond of......................
/sports - Diving /
/reading - Writing /
/running - Walking /
/riding horses - Paddling in a boat /
/traveling outdoors - Staying indoors/
3-Elicitation:
I elicit the rule form from the students
themselves. How?
I ask my learners questions like the following
1-What repeated words have you practiced?
2-What does the structure consist of?
3-What comes before the pattern?
4-What comes after the pattern?
................. . ..................... . ................................ .
Extension:
Repeated Exposure to Words
Adults often forget a person (especially a child)
needs to hear and use a word several times before
it truly becomes a part of her vocabulary. Providing
multiple opportunities to use a new word in its
written and spoken form helps children solidify
their understanding of it.
Keyword Method
Word Maps
At the top or center of the organizer is the vocabulary
word. Branching off of the word are three categories:
classification (what class or group does the word
belong to), qualities (what is the word like) and
examples. Using prior knowledge the child fills in
each of these three categories. Word maps help
readers develop complete understandings of words.
Root Analysis
The words either contain a “core” root (the primary
component of the word) or use prefixes or suffixes
that hold meaning. Adults should focus on teaching
children the most commonly occurring roots, prefixes
and suffixes. As each is taught examples of its use
in common word should be shared and examined.
The reader should see how the root helps her
understand the word’s definition. Children should
then be given practice analyzing words to determine
their roots and definitions. When a reader is able to
break down unfamiliar words into their prefixes,
suffixes and roots they can begin to determine their
meanings.
Restructuring Reading Materials
A portion of the difficult words can be replaced with
“easier” synonyms to help the reader understand
the overall text. Vocabulary footnotes (definitions
provided at the bottom of the page) can be added
for particularly challenging words so that the reader
can easily “look up” the word while still reading
the text.
An accompanying vocabulary guide can be provided
for the text. Words that are included in the guide
should be highlighted or printed in bold text to direct
the reader to check the vocabulary guide if the word
or its meaning is unfamiliar.
Lexis:
There are several aspects of lexis that need to be
taken into account when teaching vocabulary.
· Boundaries between conceptual meaning:
Knowing not only what lexis refers to, but also
where the boundaries are that separate it from
words of related meaning .
(e.g. cup, mug, bowl).
· Polysemy:
Distinguishing between the various meaning of
a single word form with several but closely
related meanings.
(head: of a person, of a pin, of an organization).
· Homonymy:
Distinguishing between the various meaning
of a single word form which has several
meanings which are NOT closely related
( e.g. a file: used to put papers in or a tool).
· Homophyny:
Understanding words that have the same
pronunciation but different spellings and
meanings (e.g. flour, flower).
· Synonymy:
Distinguishing between the different shades of
meaning that synonymous words have
(e.g. extend, increase, expand).
· Affective meaning:
Distinguishing between the attitudinal
and emotional factors (denotation and
connotation), which depend on the speakers
attitude or the situation. Sociocultural
associations of lexical items is another
important factor.
Distinguishing between the attitudinal and
emotional factors (denotation and connotation),
which depend on the speakers attitude or the
situation. Sociocultural associations of lexical
items is another important factor.
Being able to distinguish between different levels
of formality, the effect of different contexts and
topics, as well as differences in geographical
variation.
· Translation:
Awareness of certain differences and similarities
between the native and the foreign language
(e.g. false cognates).
· Chunks of language:
Multi-word verbs, idioms, strong and weak
collocations, lexical phrases.
· Grammar of vocabulary:
Learning the rules that enable students to build
up different forms of the word or even different
words from that word (e.g. sleep, slept,
sleeping; able, unable; disability).
· Pronunciation:
Ability to recognize and reproduce items in speech.
Other Resources:
1-Emglish Vocabulary for ESL
Learners / Confusing English words
2-Expressions with "As"
3-Expressions with:"Good:"
4-Expressions with:"Can't"
5-Expressions with:"First"
6--Expressions with:"Hand"
7--Expressions with:"High"
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