Communicative language teaching

(CLT)

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What is CLT?

Principles

characteristics

Using the Method

Features and Techniques

Role of the teacher

Model Example

Introduction

Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) is an approach to

language instruction that emphasizes the development of

learners' ability to communicate effectively and authentically

in the target language.

What is CLT?

Communicative language teaching (CLT), or the

communicative approach, is an approach to language

teaching that emphasizes interaction as both the

means and the ultimate goal of study.

Language learners in environments utilizing CLT

techniques learn and practice the target language

through interaction with one another and the instructor,

study of "authentic texts" (those written in the target

language for purposes other than language learning),

and use of the language in class combined with use of

the language outside of class

Communicative Language Teaching

Meaning:

Communicative Language Teaching is a language teaching

approach that focuses on the development of learners'

communicative competence, which includes the ability to

use language in real-life situations, to convey meaning,

and to negotiate communication. CLT emphasizes the

importance of authentic communication, interaction, and

the use of language in context.

The term "Communicative Language Teaching" (CLT)

means different things to different teachers. To some

teachers, it simply means a greater emphasis on the

use of the target language in the classroom, and in

particular, a greater emphasis on orality.

To other teachers, communication entails the exchange

of unknown information between interlocutors. An

effective knowledge of a language is more than merely

knowing vocabulary and rules of grammar and

pronunciation.

Learners need to be able to use the language

appropriately in any social context. Theorists agree

that meaningful communication supports language

learning and that classroom activities must focus on

the learner’s authentic needs to communicate

information and ideas.

Aims:

To develop learners' ability to communicate effectively in the target language.

To promote authentic communication and interaction in the classroom.

To encourage learners to use language in real-life situations.

To develop learners' language skills, such as speaking, listening, reading, and writing.

To foster learners' critical thinking, problem-solving, and collaboration skills.

Principles

Language learning is learning to communicate using

the target language.

The language used to communicate must be

appropriate to the situation, the roles of the speakers,

the setting and the register. The learner needs to

differentiate between a formal and an informal style.

Communicative activities are essential. Activities

should be presented in a situation or context and

have a communicative purpose.Typical activities of this

approach are: games, problem-solving tasks, and role-

play.

There should be information gap, choice and feedback

involved in the activities.Learners must have constant

interaction with and exposure to the target language.

Development of the four macro-skills — speaking,

listening, reading and writing — is integrated from the

beginning, since communication integrates the

different skills.

The topics are selected and graded regarding age,

needs, level, and students’ interest.

Motivation is central. Teachers should raise students’

interest from the beginning of the lesson.

The role of the teacher is that of a guide, a facilitator or

an instructor.

Trial and error is considered part of the learning

process. Evaluation concerns not only the learners’

accuracy but also their fluency.

What is Communicative Approach | Linguistik Id

Characteristics:

1. learning to communicate through interaction .

2. The introduction of authentic texts into the learning situation

3. learners focus on language and the learning process itself.

4. An enhancement of the learner’s own personal experiences.

5. linking classroom language learning with language activities

Methods and Techniques:

Task-based learning: Learners are given tasks that require them to use language in authentic ways, such as role-plays, discussions, or presentations.

Authentic materials: Learners are exposed to real-life materials, such as newspapers, videos, or podcasts, to promote authentic communication.

Pair and group work: Learners work in pairs or groups to promote interaction and collaboration.

Role-plays: Learners participate in role-plays to practice using language in different contexts.

Project-based learning: Learners work on projects that require them to use language in real-life situations, such as creating a video or writing a report.

Benefits:

Improved communication skills: Learners develop the ability to communicate effectively in the target language.

Increased motivation: Learners are motivated to learn when they see the relevance of language to their lives.

Development of critical thinking and problem-solving skills: Learners develop critical thinking and problem-solving skills through authentic communication and interaction.

Enhanced cultural awareness: Learners gain insight into the culture and customs of the target language.

Preparation for real-life situations: Learners are prepared to use language in real-life situations, such as work, travel, or social interactions.

Role of the teacher

The role of the teacher is to be facilitator of his

students‟ learning. He suggests that language

teachers need to assist learners by providing them

with frameworks, patterns and rules to develop their

communicative language skills.

Results:

Improved language proficiency: Learners demonstrate improved language proficiency in all four skills (speaking, listening, reading, and writing).

Increased confidence: Learners become more confident in using the target language in real-life situations.

Enhanced employability: Learners develop skills that are valuable in the workplace, such as communication, teamwork, and problem-solving.

Better cultural understanding: Learners gain a deeper understanding of the culture and customs of the target language.

Long-term language retention: Learners are more likely to retain language skills over time due to the emphasis on authentic communication and interaction.

Demerits:

Teacher must be a very knowledgeable person.

Students and teacher must understand each other.

.Inadequate use of authentic materials can damage

the course.CLT approach focuses on fluency, but not

accuracy.

The weaker learners who struggle and cannot use the

target language continue to make mistakes and

eventually give up.

Model Example 1

Structures:

(Consist of):

Guided practice model:

(Football team - 11 players)

Student1: / How many players does a..........consist of?/

Student2: / It consists of...................................../

Free practice:

Starting with pattern practice, then moving into

communication practice. Learners communicate

using the same prompts with new patterns in pairs:

/ Water Polo team - 5 players /

/ Baseball team - 9 players /

/ Squash team - 1 player /

/ Soccer team - 11 players /

Elicitation:

I ask the following questions and elicit the answers:

1- My learners, Can I elicit the structure from you?

2-What repeated words you discovered?

3-What comes before?

What comes after?

Then, what is the the rule form?

Overall

Overall, Communicative Language Teaching is a effective

approach to language instruction that prepares learners to use

language in real-life situations and promotes the development

of communicative competence, critical thinking, and cultural

awareness.

View Resources:

1-Teaching Vocabulary communicatively

2-Teaching Grammar communicatively.

3-The 4 English language skills.

4-Human Resources Management.

5-Homogeneous VS Heterogeneous.

6-Pedagogy, Andragogy and Heutagogy.

View Other Resources:

1- Go to: The Amideast Forum.

2-Internet-based learning method.

3-Methods of teaching words spelling.

4-Lexical Approach.

5-Teaching diverse and multi-cultured

learners in one classroom.

Communicative language teaching.

What is CLT?

Principles

Using the Method

Communicative Language Teaching

Principles