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Meaning:
Constructivism is a learning theory found in psychology
which explains how people might acquire knowledge
and learn. It therefore has direct application to
education.
The theory suggests that humans construct knowledge
and meaning from their experiences. Constructivism is
not a specific pedagogy.
Research support for constructivist teaching techniques
has been mixed, with some research supporting these
techniques and other research contradicting those
results. We invent our own concepts and ideas, linked
to what we already know. This “meaning-making”
theory of learning is called ‘constructivism’.
Constructivism is an important learning theory that
educators use to help their students learn. Constructivism
is based on the idea that people actively construct or
make their own knowledge, and that reality is determined
by your experiences as a learner. Basically, learners use
their previous knowledge as a foundation and build on it
with new things that they learn.
Constructivism is crucial to understand as an educator
because it influences the way all of your students learn.
Teachers and instructors that understand the
constructivist learning theory understand that their
students bring their own unique experiences to the
classroom every day.
Their background and previous knowledge impacts how
they are able to learn. Educators are able to use
constructivist learning theory to help their students
understand their previous knowledge.
But it’s also important to understand learning theories
and how they impact you and your students. This guide
will tell you more about the constructivist learning theory
and how it helps you as a teacher.
For example
Groups of students in a science class are discussing a
problem in physics. Though the teacher knows the
"answer" to the problem, she focuses on helping
students restate their questions in useful ways. She
prompts each student to reflect on and examine his or
her current knowledge.
When one of the students comes up with the relevant
concept, the teacher seizes upon it, and indicates to the
group that this might be a fruitful avenue for them to
explore.
They design and perform relevant experiments.
Afterward, the students and teacher talk about what
they have learned, and how their observations and
experiments helped (or did not help) them to better
understand the concept.
So it is important to use teaching
methods that:
There are many specific elements and principles of
constructivism that shape the way the theory works and
applies to students. Learn about the different principles
of constructivism and how they make up the whole
theory.
Knowledge is constructed. This is the basic principle,
meaning that knowledge is built upon other knowledge.
Students take pieces and put them together in their
own unique way, building something different than what
another student will build. The student’s previous
knowledge, experiences, beliefs, and insights are all
important foundations for their continued learning.
People learn to learn, as they learn. Learning involves
constructing meaning and systems of meaning. For
example, if a student is learning the chronology of
dates for a series of historical events, at the same time
they are learning the meaning of chronology. If a
student is writing a paper about history, they are also
learning principles of grammar and writing as well.
Each thing we learn gives us a better understanding
of other things in the future.
Learning is an active process. Learning involves
sensory input to construct meaning. The learner
needs to do something in order to learn, it’s not a
passive activity.
Learners need to engage in the world so they are
actively involved in their own learning and
development. You can’t just sit and expect to be
told things and learn, you need to engage in
discussions, reading, activities, etc.
Learning is a social activity. Learning is directly
associated to our connection with other people.
Our teachers, our family, or peers, and our
acquaintances impact our learning. Educators are
more likely to be successful as they understand that
peer involvement is key in learning.
Isolating learning isn’t the best way to help students
learn and grow together. Progressive education
recognizes that social interaction is key to learning
and they use conversation, interaction, and group
applications to help students retain their knowledge.
Learning is contextual. Students don’t learn isolated
facts and theories separate from the rest of our lives
—we learn in ways connected to things we already
know, what we believe, and more. The things we
learn and the points we tend to remember are
connected to the things going on around us.
Knowledge is personal. Because constructivism is
based on your own experiences and beliefs,
knowledge becomes a personal affair. Each person
will have their own prior knowledge and experiences
to bring to the table. So the way and things people
learn and gain from education will all be very different.
Learning exists in the mind. Hands-on experiences and
physical actions are necessary for learning, but those
elements aren’t enough. Engaging the mind is key to
successful learning. Learning needs to involve
activities for the minds, not just our hands. Mental
experiences are needed for retaining knowledge.
Motivation is key to learning. Students are unable to
learn if they are unmotivated. Educators need to have
ways to engage and motivate learners to activate their
minds and help them be excited about education.
Without motivation, it’s difficult for learners to reach
into their past experience and make connections for
new learning.
Ask ‘diagnostic’ question and answer, and use wrong
answers to explore and correct misunderstandings.
‘Socratic Questioning’.
View Resources:
1-Competency-based teaching.
2-Pair work.
3-Group work.
4-Elicitation.
5-Conversation.
6- ( AI ) Classroom activities.
7-Tilo Project.
8-Lesson plan.
9-Leadership Skills.
10-Learning styles.
11-A model Lesson.
12-Teaching spelling.
13- Critical thinking 1
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