Constructivism.

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Constructivism














Mr. / Girgis





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https://mrgirgis.blogspot.com/



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منهج الانجليزى ثانوية عامة / معكم الاستاذ / جرجس حنا هارون


 /Unit 1: (Writers and stories) Lesson: 1






Meaning:





Constructivism is the theory that says learners

construct knowledge rather than just passively take

in information. As people experience the world and

reflect upon those experiences, they build their own

representations and incorporate new information into

their pre-existing knowledge (schemas).





Constructivism is a learning theory found in psychology


which explains how people might acquire knowledge


 and learn. It therefore has direct application to 


education.




The theory suggests that humans construct knowledge


and meaning from their experiences. Constructivism is


not a specific pedagogy. 





Research support for constructivist teaching techniques


has been mixed, with some research supporting these


techniques and other research contradicting those


results. We invent our own concepts and ideas, linked


 to what we already know.  This “meaning-making”


theory of learning is called ‘constructivism’.


 



Constructivism is an important learning theory that


educators use to help their students learn. Constructivism


is based on the idea that people actively construct or


make their own knowledge, and that reality is determined


by your experiences as a learner. Basically, learners use


their previous knowledge as a foundation and build on it


with new things that they learn.




Constructivism is crucial to understand as an educator


because it influences the way all of your students learn.


Teachers and instructors that understand the


constructivist learning theory understand that their


students bring their own unique experiences to the


classroom every day.




Their background and previous knowledge impacts how


they are able to learn. Educators are able to use


constructivist learning theory to help their students


understand their previous knowledge. 




But it’s also important to understand learning theories


 and how they impact you and your students. This guide


will tell you more about the constructivist learning theory


 and how it helps you as a teacher.


 


Social Constructivism. | djc25blog


 

For example


Groups of students in a science class are discussing a

problem in physics. Though the teacher knows the

"answer" to the problem, she focuses on helping 

students restate their questions in useful ways. She 

prompts each student to reflect on and examine his or 

her current knowledge.




When one of the students comes up with the relevant

concept, the teacher seizes upon it, and indicates to the

group that this might be a fruitful avenue for them to

explore. 




They design and perform relevant experiments.

Afterward, the students and teacher talk about what 

they have learned, and how their observations and 

experiments helped (or did not help) them to better 

understand the concept.


 


Image result for Constructivist teaching



Constructivism Learning Theory


So it is important to use teaching


 methods that:




1-Require students to form constructs that is require 

them to form their own meaning or interpretation of

 the material being studied.




2-Allow the learner and the teacher to detect

misconceptions, errors and omissions in learning 

and correct these.




In the classroom, the constructivist view of learning 

can point towards a number of different teaching 

practices.




 In the most general sense, it usually means 

encouraging students to use active techniques 

(experiments, real-world problem solving) .




That  creates more knowledge and then to reflect on 

and talk about what they are doing and how their

understanding is changing.

 



Principles of constructivism.





There are many specific elements and principles of

constructivism that shape the way the theory works and

applies to students. Learn about the different principles

 of constructivism and how they make up the whole

 theory.





Knowledge is constructed. This is the basic principle,

meaning that knowledge is built upon other knowledge.

Students take pieces and put them together in their 

own unique way, building something different than what

another student will build. The student’s previous

knowledge, experiences, beliefs, and insights are all

important foundations for their continued learning.







People learn to learn, as they learn. Learning involves

constructing meaning and systems of meaning. For

example, if a student is learning the chronology of 

dates for a series of historical events, at the same time 

they are learning the meaning of chronology. If a 

student is writing a paper about history, they are also 

learning principles of grammar and writing as well. 

Each thing we learn gives us a better understanding

 of other things in the future.






Learning is an active process. Learning involves 

sensory input to construct meaning. The learner

 needs to do something in order to learn, it’s not a 

passive activity.




Learners need to engage in the world so they are 

actively involved in their own learning and 

development. You can’t just sit and expect to be

 told things and learn, you need to engage in 

discussions, reading, activities, etc.






Learning is a social activity. Learning is directly

 associated to our connection with other people. 

Our teachers, our family, or peers, and our 

acquaintances impact our learning. Educators are 

more likely to be successful as they understand that 

peer involvement is key in learning.






Isolating learning isn’t the best way to help students 

learn and grow together. Progressive education 

recognizes that social interaction is key to learning 

and they use conversation, interaction, and group 

applications to help students retain their knowledge.






Learning is contextual. Students don’t learn isolated 

facts and theories separate from the rest of our lives

—we learn in ways connected to things we already 

know, what we believe, and more. The things we 

learn and the points we tend to remember are 

connected to the things going on around us.






Knowledge is personal. Because constructivism is 

based on your own experiences and beliefs, 

knowledge becomes a personal affair. Each person 

will have their own prior knowledge and experiences

 to bring to the table. So the way and things people 

learn and gain from education will all be very different.





Learning exists in the mind. Hands-on experiences and

physical actions are necessary for learning, but those

elements aren’t enough. Engaging the mind is key to

successful learning. Learning needs to involve 

activities for the minds, not just our hands. Mental 

experiences are needed for retaining knowledge.






Motivation is key to learning. Students are unable to 

learn if they are unmotivated. Educators need to have

 ways to engage and motivate learners to activate their

 minds and help them be excited about education.

 Without motivation, it’s difficult for learners to reach 

into their past experience and make connections for 

new learning.


 


Procedural vs conceptual #3 - Learn Implement Share



Uses:


‘Teaching by Asking’ or guided discovery

Explaining tasks that require students to express their

understanding to each other, and to develop this

understanding before expressing it (e.g. peer

explanation, and Jigsaw)






Ask ‘diagnostic’ question and answer, and use wrong

answers to explore and correct misunderstandings. 


‘Socratic Questioning’.


Use thought provoking tasks and questions that are 

high on Bloom’s Taxonomy, rather than simple recall

 as these require more thought and processing.


Analysis: ‘why’ questions,

Synthesis: ‘how’ could you.. questions

Evaluation: judgement questions.


 


Constructivism in the classroom




The role of  teachers



Instead of giving a lecture the teachers in this theory

function as facilitators whose role is to aid the student

when it comes to their own understanding. This takes

away focus from the teacher and lecture and puts it 

upon the student and their learning.


Procedural vs conceptual #3 - Learn Implement Share


The resources and lesson plans that must be initiated 

for this learning theory take a very different approach 

toward traditional learning as well. Instead of telling,

 the teacher must begin asking.




Instead of answering questions that only align with their

curriculum, the facilitator in this case must make it so 

that the student comes to the conclusions on their own 

instead of being told.

 


View Resources:


1-Competency-based teaching.


2-Pair work.


3-Group work.


4-Elicitation.


5-Conversation.


6- ( AI ) Classroom activities.


7-Tilo Project.



8-Lesson plan.



9-Leadership Skills.


10-Learning styles.


11-A model Lesson.


12-Teaching spelling.


13- Critical thinking 1


Teaching Forum 2012, Volume

50, Number 1


1-( AI ) in language teaching.



2- Original Video and Sound Effects



3-A Call to Service


4-The Psychic Rewards of Teaching



5-Good Teaching is Timeless


6-The Conversation Class


7-Learner-Centered Teaching


8-Ten Characteristics of a Good Teacher


9-Winter Scenes


10-Classroom Activities


11-The Lighter Side: The Write Stuff



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