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—Romans 8:18

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( Mr. / Girgis H. H).

منهج الانجليزى ثانوية عامة / معكم الاستاذ / جرجس حنا هارون /Unit 1: (Writers and stories) Lesson: 1

My Project

A Research

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Intercultural communication

Mr. / Girgis

Title

Intercultural communication

Corresponding Authors:

1-Mr. / Girgis Hanna Haroun, the senior researcher.

2- 4 of my assistant Colleagues.

Editor

Edited by: Mr./ Girgis Hanna Haroun

Supervisor:

Senior and public supervisors of English in Egypt.

The site published on:

www.bchmsg.yolasite.com

Subject:

Intercultural Communication

Online since : 2016

Affiliation:

The Ministry of Education in Egypt.

Drawing upon findings from a funded study of an academic

leadership in Egypt (Ministry of Education) and provided by

(full) professors, this research focuses on leadership as

perceived by those on the receiving end of it.

My research is supervised by my senior and public

supervisors of education in Egypt. Research on(Language

and communication) is defined as the influence of one or

more people on the research-related, attitudes or intellectual

capacity of others. Seven specific features or keywords of my professorial research about leadership are identified and

examined. They are the conflicts of interest in my research.

They include:

(Communication, Intercultural Communication skills,

Application of Communication, Steps of Communication,

Factors, Importance of audience, Verbal and Non-verbal communication)).

Abstract

Intercultural communication

This thesis has been written on commission by me, Girgis

Hanna Haroun, a supervisor of English at high schools and

colleges in Egypt. Several preliminary interviews made us very interested at the situations at schools and helped us to

formulate our research question: “How does communication

affect the productivity of schools, organizations, societies,

communities all over the world?"

Moreover, it made our research have two purposes, one of

academic character, and one of practical character.

The academic purpose is in investigating relationship between communication, culture and language, i.e. efficiency and

productivity. The practical purpose is in giving analysis-based recommendations about possible ways to increase productivity

and efficiency to our educational organizations.

The findings of our research revealed that words, grammatical

study, diverse cultures and texts have roles. Communication is a dynamic interactive process that involves the effective transmission

of facts, ideas, thoughts, feelings, cultures and values.

Intercultural communication skills are those required to communicate, or share information, with people from other cultures and social groups.Communication is instrumental or directly satisfies certain needs like physical, emotional, social, psychological.

1-To inform. 2-To entertain. 3-To regulate. 4-To instruct.

5-To influence. 6-To motivate. 7-To persuade. 8-To

inquire.Types of Communication include oral and written

communication, verbal and Non-verbal communication.

Communication steps include;

1-Ideation:

2-Encoding

3-Transmission:

4-Decoding

5-Feedback.

Intercultural communication

1-Introduction

Learning how to make new discoveries that will contribute to a better understanding of how natural language is used and processed in real-life situations. Whenever we use language – whether it’s written, spoken or signed – we’re communicating. How does this work, and how and why does miscommunication occur? How does language fit together and how do we learn to understand each other?

This study provides a research devoted to the interdisciplinary study of language and communication. The investigation of language and its communication functions is treated as a concern shared in common by those working in applied linguistics, child development, cultural studies, discourse analysis, intellectual history, legal studies, language evolution, linguistic anthropology, linguistics, philosophy, the politics of language, pragmatics, psychology, rhetoric and semiotics.

Language allows people to communicate with great precision. The Language and Communication group studies how people use language in specific discourse contexts, to share information with others, and to persuade or otherwise affect them.

Our overall goal is to understand how language is actually used,

when it is used effectively, and why.

For instance, how do particular text characteristics interact with a reader's cognitive architecture such that information is conveyed in a coherent, comprehensible way? How does language interact with people's emotional and motivational architecture so that it effectively moves or persuades them?

1-The Research Vision, Mission and Objectives

The vision is (Communication between learners, individuals, societies, nations and countries all over the world).

The mission is Doing research theses

The Objectives are:Solving problems that arise from the diverse cultures and their conflicts inside the education organizations and among nations.

2-A problem needs a solution

The differences and disputes between individuals, societies and communities come out of the differences in communication that result from the differences in languages and cultures.

Problems

The problems in intercultural communication usually come from problems in message transmission. In communication between people of the same culture, the person who receives the message interprets it based on values, beliefs, and expectations for behavior similar to those of the person who sent the message.

When this happens, the way the message is interpreted by the receiver is likely to be fairly similar to what the speaker intended. However, when the receiver of the message is a person from a different culture, the receiver uses information from his or her culture to interpret the message. The message that the receiver interprets may be very different from what the speaker intended.

We faced a problem that needs a an urgent solution. The problem is: We, the researching group, noticed that the learning outcomes of high schools and colleges are low. Learners didn't practice Languages as means of communication. They used languages as subjects to be memorized to answer its exercises only through written tests.People differ because of the difference in cultures, words, sentences, languages and cultures.

3-Reasons for the research:

The reason for doing such research is that I and my colleagues noticed that some organizations and schools did not work as efficiently as they could, and senior managers have encountered various problems. There is no proper communication. Complaints were numerous.

People worked in terms of only firm accountability and punishment. People differ because of the difference in cultures, words, sentences, languages and cultures. There was no communication between the wars fighting countries.

There was no vision, no mission, no objectives, no team work, no love or respect and no good performance. We have been asked to estimate the situation, analyze it, and come up with solutions which could increase efficiency and productivity;

in other words, increase organizational performance. After preliminary interviews with the senior managers and teachers at schools, we have identified our areas of the interest: ( Practice creats communication, Communication and culture, Communication and language)

4- The researching questions:

How dodo language, culture and grammar affect communication among learners and people?

How we make education organizations perform well and learning outcomes high through using language as a means of communication in life? How do people and nations overcome the differences in languages, ideas, thoughts, cultures ?

5-The problem solutions

Cultured diverse employers and employees must learn academically and practice actually the roles played by leadership, organizational culture, motivation and commitment.

6-Objectives:

This study enables you to:

1-Use the words, grammar constructions and texts in communication 2-know that Language has influence on actions and exchanges of information.

3-deepen your knowledge of everything from how language interacts with culture and media to how language changes over time and how language enhances cognitive abilities.

2-Materials and Methods

In order to find out the answer to the research question and to fulfill both purposes of the research, we have conducted a qualitative research.We used types of qualitative research methods like an in-depth interview, focus groups, ethnographic research, content analysis and case study research that are usually used.

This has been done by interviewing twenty schools managers and 20 educational leaders or administers beside 50 teachers and senior teachers working at schools and education zones and supervision. These semi-structured interviews resulted in qualitative data, which had been processed and analyzed using coding technique.

Our research used 2 methods:

One of academic character, and one of practical character.

1-The academic purpose is in investigating relationship between organizational structure, leadership, and communication and organizational performance, i.e. efficiency and productivity.

2-The practical purpose is in giving analysis-based recommendations about possible ways to increase productivity and efficiency to our educational organizations.

3-We used interviews, lectures, debates, experiencing, observations, analysis, synthesis, assessment, feedback and evaluation.

4-We held workshops, modeling, training units authentic field practice in actual fields and we assessed, followed and evaluated what we recommended academically before.

It took 3 months to conduct our experiences that we acquired from our professors in East Anglia University, England.

3- Main Findings / Results

Findings and results:

We wrote a report that included our data, solutions and recommendations we presented.

Our teachers, senior teachers, schools managers and education organizations leaders learnt the following key findings and secondary findings we presented.

I will Present a result and then explain it, before presenting the next result then explaining it, and so on, then end with an overall synopsis. This is the preferred approach as I have multiple results of equal significance. It is more common in longer papers because it helps the reader to better understand each finding.

Why Intercultural communication?

The world today is characterized by an ever growing number of contacts resulting in communication between people with different linguistic and cultural backgrounds.

This communication takes place because of contacts within the areas of business, military cooperation, science, education, mass-media, entertainment, tourism but also because of immigration brought about by labor shortage or political conflicts.

Fast travel, international media, and the Internet have made it easy for us to communicate with people all over the world. The process of economic globalization means that we cannot function in isolation but must interact with the rest of the world for survival.

The global nature of many widely diverse modern problems and issues such as the environment, governance of the Internet, poverty and international terrorism call for cooperation between nations. Intercultural communication is no longer an option, but a necessity.

Finding result 3:

Identity

Ethnic and cultural identity

Cultural identities and ethnicity are becoming more relational and contextual, as well as constantly evolving. They are complex, ambiguous and multifaceted.

Individuals undergo self- and cultural identity transformation in

order to achieve understanding, harmony and balance within themselves and their environment, and in their connection with

others.

Cultures also change in this process, because social, political, economic and historical influences affect cultural and intercultural interactions. Cultural groups reflect, re-create, unify, and maintain

their ethnic and cultural identities.

Cultural identities are negotiated, co-created, and reinforced in communication with others. They reflect our unique, personal life histories and experiences. They may also be seen as

manifestations of social reality.

Racial identity

Race has been defined as a group of persons related by common descent or heredity. It is a classification of modern humans based on an arbitrary selection of physical characteristics as skin color, facial form, or eye shape. Race is a social construction of human difference that is used to classify human beings into separate value-based categories.

Ethnic identity

Ethnic refers to a group of people sharing a common and distinctive

culture, religion, language, etc. Furthermore, it has been explained

as the attribute of membership in a group set off by racial, territorial,

economic, religious, cultural, aesthetic, or linguistic uniqueness.

Ethnicity has also been seen as a cultural marker that indicates

shared traditions, heritage, and ancestral origins; ethnicity is

defined psychologically and historically. On the other hand

ethnic identity may be explained as an emotional bond that

people share that originates from their past and that gives

them an emotional force to claim their historical origins.

Cultural identity

It is commonly understood that culture and cultural identity are umbrella terms that subsume racial and ethnic identity. Culture has been defined as learned and shared values, beliefs, thinking patterns and behavior common to a particular group of people.

Culture forges a group's identity and assists in its survival.

Institutions, language, social structures and various practices

shared by a group of individuals are also part of culture.

In addition, the individuals are connected by an ancestral

heritage, often linked to a particular geographical location.

Individuals have a sense of belonging to a particular culture

or ethnic group.

4- Results / Secondary Findings

Secondary finding result 1 :

Intercultural communication

It is a form of communication that aims to share information across

different cultures and social groups. It is used to describe the wide

range of communication processes and problems that naturally

appear within an organization or social context made up of

individuals from different religious, social, ethnic, and

educational backgrounds.

In this sense it seeks to understand how people from different countries and cultures act, and perceive the world around them.

Many people in intercultural business communication argue that

culture determines how individuals encode messages, what

medium they choose for transmitting them, and the way

messages are interpreted.

Secondary finding result 2:

Teaching and learning

Methods used to promote intercultural communication skills:

simulation activities, followed by reflective discussion and/or written analysis

informal face‐to face interaction in hypothetical contact situations

guided group activities

learner diaries

questionnaires

peer teaching

tandem exchanges

study visits abroad or local contact with speakers of other languages

cross‐cultural study projects

medical coverage

reports

oral presentations

ethnographic projects

Secondary finding result 3 :

Knowledge for Intercultural Communication

Key areas of knowledge for those wanting to improve their

intercultural communication are:

Some knowledge of the cultures, organizations and institutions, history and general way of living of different communities and nations.

Recognition that these aspects affect behavioral norms. For example, there is considerable ‘history’ between the Greeks and Turks, and therefore it may be considered potentially a problem to serve Turkish food to a Greek person.

Some understanding of the conventions that may govern behavior in certain specific intercultural environments, such as views on the role of women, or the license (or otherwise) permitted to children.

Crucially, awareness of your own and other people’s beliefs and values, and a willingness to recognize when these may clash.

Sensitivity towards cultural stereotypes that may affect and interfere with intercultural communication.

5-Discussion

The purpose of the discussion is to interpret and describe the

significance of our findings in light of what was already known about

the research problem being investigated and to explain any new

understanding or insights that emerged as a result of our study of the

problem.

DISCUSSION provides the explanation and interpretation of

results or findings by comparing with the findings in prior studies.

Then, I can say that: compared to the previous study about

(Intercultural Communication), I say that my research is

different .

My research recommended the following:

Assessment

Courses on the theory and content of intercultural communication tend to evaluate knowledge by means of written examination and essay. Alternatively projects may involve students applying their theoretical knowledge to particular communicative situations or conducting small‐scale ethnographic or case study research from home.

Evaluation of intercultural communication as practice may occur in the assessment of general language courses (e.g. translation), but since intercultural communication is not systematically taught as part of general language courses, formalized assessment is not widespread. In some institutions, however, the practice of writing logbooks is established, and intercultural awareness is assessed through reflective essays.

Any such assessment is likely to be integrated with other factors associated with advanced language learning. There is little sign of role‐play or self‐assessment being widely practiced, though, in exceptional cases, it can be effectively integrated into oral assessment, e.g. through situation‐based interpreting.

Given that intercultural competence can be separated into knowledge, skills and attitudes, only the knowledge component can, strictly speaking, be assessed in traditional ways.

Skills and attitudes need to be assessed in other ways such as role‐play, observation, self‐assessment or reflection on critical incidents. Yet such assessment practices are not widespread within European higher education language programs.

6-Limitations

“The empirical results reported herein should be considered in

the light of some limitations.”

1-Time constraints

Just as researchers have deadlines to turn in their class papers, academic researchers also must meet the deadline for submitting a research manuscript to a journal. Therefore, the time available to study a research problem and to measure change over time is constrained by the deadline of my “assignment.”

I should have Made sure I choose a research problem that

I will be able to complete well before the assignment’s

deadline. If time constraints negatively impacted my study

in any way, acknowledge this impact by mentioning a

need for a future study (e.g., a longitudinal study) to

answer this research problem.

2-Conflicts arising from cultural bias and other personal issues

Researchers might be biased views due to their cultural

backgrounds or perspectives of certain phenomena,

and this can affect a study’s legitimacy. Also, it is possible

that researchers will have biases toward data and results

that only support their hypotheses or arguments. In order

to avoid these problems, the author(s) of a study should

examine whether the way the problem was stated and

the data-gathering process were carried out appropriately.

I found a difficulty , but I did it .

3-More study:

I suggest additional studies in the future as the subject of my

research is of a national importance to my great country.

Leading a multicultural team is very important.

7-Conclusion

In conclusion, I provide a brief conclusion that ties each of the findings together and provides a narrative bridge to the discussion section of the your paper. We reached to the objectives we set before and the vision we dreamed of through implementing our mission, goals and objectives. Through conclusion, I give my recommendations.

We reached to the objectives we set before and the vision

we dreamed of through implementing our mission, goals and

objectives. All people at any organization knew and practiced

their work according to the organization principles, values,

vision, mission, goals and objectives. All people became loyal

to their organization in terms of communication, responsibility, tolerance, understanding, good relation, teamwork, love,

respect, the ideal atmosphere that paved the way to creation

and innovation.

Also, the leaders worked in terms of communication, sharing, mercy, rewards, listening to complaints and speaking, justice, responsibility, equality, solving problems, Democracy,,commercial awareness and technical skills.

8-Acknowledgements

I would like to express my very great appreciation to those people

who helped me during my work on this thesis.

They gave advice and assistance in keeping my progress

on schedule.

I would like to express my very great appreciation to Dr Rod

in East Anglia University for his valuable and constructive

suggestions during the planning and development of this

research work. His willingness to give his time so generously

has been very much appreciated.

I thank:

(The Main supervisor,The Second supervisor,The Other academic staff in my department) .

I would like to offer my special thanks to the students who undertook side projects with me.

I want to thank my people in charge of the education system in my country for Funding and inviting me to work on this project.

I would like to thank the schools, companies, associations and other educational associations for their assistance with the collection of my data : personnel of schools

( Affiliated Institutions ) for their direct technical help, time statistics/data and effort. Special thanks to my colleagues, for their help and support.

I wish to acknowledge the help provided by my public supervisor for his help, guidance, and advice in times when I needed it most.

I am particularly grateful for the assistance given by my professors in

East Anglia University for their general supervision and general

administrative support.

My special thanks are extended to the staff of my team for their writing

assistance, technical editing, language editing, and proof-reading.”

Finally, I wish to thank my parents for their support and encouragement

throughout my study.