Language
allows people to communicate with great
precision. The Language and Communication group
studies how people use language in specific discourse
contexts, to share information with others, and to
persuade or otherwise affect them.
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A brief Summary for:
My Project
A Researching study
A Researching study
Language and
communication
research
is one of the:
Mr. / Girgis
The Researching Task
Title
Language and communication
Or
Communication is one of the 21st
Century skills
Corresponding Authors:
1-Mr. / Girgis Hanna Haroun, researcher.
2- 3 of my assistant Colleagues.
Editor
Edited by: Mr./ Girgis Hanna Haroun
Supervisor:
Public supervisors of English in Egypt.
The site published on:
www.bchmsg.yolasite.com
My Blog
https://mrgirgis.blogspot.com/
Subject:
Language and Communication Research
Online since : May, 2023
Affiliation:
The Ministry of Education in Egypt.
Drawing upon findings from a funded study of an
academic leadership in
Egypt (Ministry of Education)
and provided by (full) professors, this
research
focuses on leadership as perceived by those on
the receiving
end of it.
My research is supervised by my senior and public
supervisors of
education in Egypt. Research on
(Language and communication) is defined as the
influence
of one or more people on the research-
related, behavior attitudes or
intellectual capacity
of others.
Seven specific features or keywords of
my
professorial research about leadership are
identified and examined.
They are the conflicts
of interest in my research.
They include:
(Communication,
Intercultural Communication skills,
Application of Communication,
Steps
of Communication, Factors, Importance
of audience, Verbal and
Non-verbal communication)).
Abstract
Language and communication
Communication is one of the
21st Century skills
This
thesis has been written on commission by me,
Girgis Hanna Haroun, a
supervisor of English at high
schools and colleges in Egypt.
Several
preliminary interviews made us very interested
at the situations at
schools and helped us to formulate
our research question: “How does
communication
affect the productivity of schools and organizations"
Moreover,
it made our research have two purposes,
one of academic character, and
one of practical
character. The academic purpose is in investigating
relationship between communication and language,
i.e. efficiency and
productivity. The practical purpose
is in giving analysis-based
recommendations about
possible ways to increase productivity and
efficiency
to our educational organizations.
The findings of our research revealed that words,
grammatical study and texts have roles.Communication
is a dynamic interactive process that involves the
effective transmission of facts, ideas, thoughts,
feelings, and values.Intercultural communication
skills are those required to
communicate, or share
information, with people from other cultures and
social
groups.Communication is instrumental or directly
satisfies certain needs like physical, emotional,
social, psychological.
1-To inform. 2-To entertain.
3-To regulate. 4-To instruct.
5-To influence. 6-To motivate.
7-To persuade. 8-To inquire.
Research Content:
Communication is one of the 21st
1-Introduction
Skills are indispensable in the changing scenario of the '
21st century.
Communication is a game-changer and social order to meet
the growing
demands of the workforce. Communication
skills are the key to social
integration in the twenty-first
century. This results in a prolific and
talented workforce
and is an integral element for success in a working
environment. Employees are prepared to become change
agents for embedding the four core skills you can develop
in the 21st century and a
blueprint to develop models and
capacity to support the new age working scenario.
Learning how to make new discoveries that will
contribute to a
better understanding of how natural
language is used and processed in
real-life situations.
Whenever we use language – whether it’s
written,
spoken or signed – we’re communicating.
How does this work, and
how and why does
miscommunication occur? How does language
fit together
and how do we learn to understand each other?
This study provides a research devoted to the
interdisciplinary study of language and communication.
The investigation of language and its communication
functions is
treated as a concern shared in common
by those working in applied
linguistics, child
development, cultural studies, discourse analysis,
intellectual history, legal studies, language evolution,
linguistic
anthropology, linguistics, philosophy,
the politics of language,
pragmatics, psychology,
rhetoric, semiotics, and sociology-linguistics.
actually used, when it is used effectively, and why.
1-The Research Vision, Mission and Objectives
The vision is (Communication between learners,
individuals, societies, nations and countries
all over the world).
The mission is Doing research theses
The Objectives are:Solving problems that arise from
the diverse cultures and their conflicts inside the
education organizations.
2-A problem needs a solution
We
faced a problem that needs a an urgent solution.
The problem is: We,
the researching group, noticed
that the learning outcomes of high
schools and
colleges are low. Learners didn't practice
Languages
as means of communication. They used languages
as subjects to
be memorized to answer its exercises
only through written tests..
3-Reasons for the research:
The reason for doing such research is that I and my
colleagues noticed that
some organizations and schools
did not work as efficiently as they could, and
senior
managers have encountered various problems.
There is no proper communication. Complaints were
numerous. People worked in terms of only firm
accountability and
punishment.
There was no vision, no mission, no objectives,
no team
work, no love or respect and no good
performance. We have been asked to
estimate
the situation, analyze it, and come up with solutions
which
could increase efficiency and productivity;
in other words, increase
organizational performance.
After preliminary interviews with the senior
managers
and teachers at schools, we have identified our areas
of the
interest: ( Practice creates communication,
Communication and culture, Communication and
language)
The teachers worked individually without any
collaboration with their
managers or school leaders.
Teachers didn't like change. They used
traditional
method of teaching like the GTM method. Learners
were just
listeners or stores waiting for being filled
with some information that
were learnt by heart.
Learners knew nothing about any critical thinking
like practice, analysis, synthesis, evaluation,
imagination, creation
or innovation. They didn't use
technology in learning. There were no
meeting
areas between the organization managers and
the people who
working with them.
4- The researching questions:
How dodo language and grammar affect communication
among learners and people?
How
we make education organizations perform well
and learning outcomes high
through using language
as a means of communication in life?
5-The problem solutions
Employers
and employees must learn academically
and practice actually the roles
played by leadership,
organizational culture, motivation and commitment.
6-Objectives:
This study enables you to:
1-Use the words, grammar constructions and texts
in communication
2-know that Language has influence on actions and
exchanges of information.
3-deepen your knowledge of everything
from how
language interacts with culture and media to how
language
changes over time and how language
enhances cognitive abilities.
2-Materials and Methods
In order to find out the answer to the research question
and to fulfill
both purposes of the research, we have
conducted a qualitative
research. We used types of
qualitative research methods like an in-depth interview,
analysis and case study research that are usually used.
This has been done by interviewing twenty schools
managers and
20 educational leaders or administers
beside 50 teachers and senior
teachers working at
schools and education zones and supervision.
We have
tried to talk to representatives of different
layers of the
organizations to make our research more
diversificated and complete.
These semi-structured
interviews resulted in qualitative data, which had
been processed and analyzed using coding technique.
Our research used 2 methods:
One of academic character, and one
of practical character.
1-The academic purpose is in investigating
relationship between
organizational structure, leadership, and
communication and
organizational performance, i.e. efficiency and
productivity.
2-The practical purpose is in giving analysis-based
recommendations about possible ways to increase
productivity and
efficiency to our educational organizations.
3-We used interviews, lectures, debates, experiencing,
observations, analysis, synthesis, assessment,
feedback and evaluation.
4-We
held workshops, modeling, training units authentic
field practice in
actual fields and we assessed, followed
and evaluated what we
recommended academically
before. It took 3 months to conduct our
experiences
that we acquired from our professors in East Anglia
University, England.
3- Main Findings / Results
Language and communication Research
Communication is ubiquitous and a key to four core skills
you can
develop in the 21st century. Communication is
vital for achieving
victory in our digital world. In the
buzzing world and the presence of a
dizzying number
of platforms, we are in the world of communication.
Communication is everywhere and so is it significant in
the workplace
because we are collaborating more than
ever in this cyberspace world.
Communication abilities keep us abreast during a variety
of living and
working circumstances. Communication
skills are, in some ways, the key
to social integration in
the twenty-first century. This also results in a
prolific and
talented workforce and an integral element for success
in a
working environment.
The basic truth is that effective communication is
about
more than just being able to express information and
ideas more
precisely and succinctly. It’s not simply
about reducing conflict or
fostering a more favorable
team culture. It adds to innovation and
creative thought
and more strategic team building. Good communication
creates better client relationships and helps to mitigate
conflict
resulting in better client relationships.
In a nutshell, communication
is used to inform, instruct,
persuade and motivate. However, in the 21st
century, the
accountability of a communicator increases due to the
presence of innumerable media and technology and how
well one can
utilize this. It is not easy to judge the
effectiveness and evaluate the
impact of such
communications.
Findings and results:
We wrote a report that included our data, solutions and
recommendations we presented.
Our teachers, senior teachers, schools managers
and education organizations leaders learnt the
following key findings and secondary findings
we presented.
I
will Present
a result and then explain it, before
presenting the next result then
explaining it, and
so on, then end with an overall synopsis.
This is the
preferred approach as I have multiple
results of equal significance.
It is more common
in longer papers because it helps the reader to
better understand each finding.
Finding result 1:
Intercultural Communication Skills
Intercultural communication skills are those required
to
communicate, or share information, with people
from other cultures and social groups.
While language skills may be an important part of
intercultural communication, they are by no means
the only requirement.
Intercultural communication also requires an
understanding that different cultures have
different customs,
standards, social mores,
and even thought patterns. Good intercultural
communication skills requires a willingness to
accept differences these and adapt to them
Finding result 1:
Tools of Communication:
1- Language. 2-Script:
3-Drawing / Painting/Sculpture.
4-Visual art. 5-Body.
6-Silence. 7-Dress/costume.
8-Surrounding / Environment.
Finding result 2:
Applications of communication
1-Interpersonal:
Communication
helps us in maintaining proper
inter-personal relationships.
Interpersonal skills
are a must in this competitive professional world.
This deals with handling people and problems at
various situations. This
includes understanding,
listening, empathizing, convincing, persuading,
negotiating, motivating, driving etc.
2-Mass Communication:
We
live in a society, we want to convey many
important ideas, events,
incidents, developments
etc. to the world. Mass communication helps us
in reaching the maximum at the push of one button.
Newspaper, journal,
magazines, Internet,
Advertisement, T.V. Channels etc.
3-Organizational (intra / inter):
An
organization whether profit based or not, cannot
exist without
communicating within and outside the
organization. Organizations depend a
lot on
meetings, business presentation, discussions,
deliberations,
reports, interaction, client response etc.
4-Local / Regional/National/International:
To
maintain coordination among various stages of
governance and various
agencies, communication
is a must. Various international treaties,
pacts,
understandings are only possible through communication.
Process of communication:
Communication
is an interactive process.
The two communication agents involved in
the
communication process are the sender(s)
and the receiver(r).
Finding result 3:
Factors that influence Communication:
1-Sender & receiver.
2-Code.
3-Channel: a) Auditory channel. b) Visual channel.
4-Topic: The topic is the idea converted into a message.
The topic should suit both the sender and receiver.
5-Message:In
verbal communication It can be words/group
of words or sentences/group
of sentences.In non-verbal
communication the message becomes signal sent
by
means of signs, symbols, gestures, postures etc.
6-Context: It
is the setting in which the communication
takes place. The context is
dependent on factors like
time of communication, place, sender/receiver,
channel,
code and topic etc.
7-Feedback.
8-Noise: Any interference in the message sent and the
message received leads to the production of ‘noise’.
8-Barriers:
1-Physical barriers and emotional barriers. Physical
barriers include medium, crowd, physical object,
distance, noise etc.
2-Emotional barriers include intra personal behavior,
inter personal behavior, categorical thinking, wrong
assumptions etc.
9-Filters:
E.g. Social status, skill, orthodox thinking, content,
culture, gender etc.
Finding result 4:
The importance of audience and purpose
Audience:
Before
one begins the process of communication
one must ask few questions to
oneself.
‘Why am I communicating?’,
‘With whom I am going to
communicate?’
Purpose:
Communication is instrumental or directly satisfies
certain needs like physical, emotional, social,
psychological etc...
1-To inform. 2-To entertain.
3-To regulate. 4-To instruct.
5-To influence. 6-To motivate.
7-To persuade. 8-To inquire.
4- Results / Secondary Findings
Findings and results:
Four core skills you can develop in the 21st-century are
indispensable
because they are critical in a global
marketplace and it happens at a
faster rate. The way we
communicate and the media of communication have
changed with the changes in workplace dynamics.
Today globalization is
the key to success and has moved
to national and international borders.
This has resulted in
diverse teams, cross-cultural environments, and the
inevitability to work in different cultures. The changes in
the way
businesses are done today have significantly
influenced the way the
talent pool is looked at by
prospective employers. Employers look for a
different
set of skills while they recruit.
Communicating effectively
and efficiently is indispensable
and while at work they are expected to
express ideas and
work well in teams that can add value to the
organization.
Digital spaces have become more interactive as
technology
has advanced; users now expect to be able
to converse, confer, and
debate on any topic of interest.
Regardless of your role or your
position in a digital
environment, one must be able to ask questions,
elicit
questions, form opinions, elicit additional questions, and
elicit
conclusions. To survive in the 21st-century workplace,
major four core
skills you can develop in the 21st-century.
We wrote a report that included our data, solutions and
recommendations we presented.
Our teachers, senior teachers, schools managers
and education organizations leaders learnt the
relation between education and
development
through the following the key findings and
secondary findings we presented.
I
will Present
a secondary result or finding and then
explain it, before presenting the next result then
explaining it, and so on, then end with an overall
synopsis.This is the
preferred approach as I have
multiple results of equal significance.
It is more
common in longer papers because it helps the
reader to
better understand each finding.
Secondary Finding result 1:
Formal and Informal:
1-Formal communication
It
is otherwise known as official communication.
In case of formal
communication we use formal
language. Formal communication is used for
serious purposes. E.g. Debate, discussions,
lectures, interview,
seminars, speech,
Group work, meetings, presentations,
public speaking,
press briefing etc.
2-Informal communication
It includes
all the communication that we do
either in a professional set up or in
social set up
without any serious purpose attached to it.
E.g. casual greetings or private conversations,
chatting, gossiping etc.
Secondary Finding result 2:
Merits of Oral Communication:
i) Saves time
ii) Economical
iii) Powerful method of persuasion and control
iv) Professional Advantage (Marketing, presentation etc.)
v) Tone, pitch can convey the seriousness of the message.
vi) Immediate feedback is possible.
vii) Develops rapport and helps in making friends.
viii) Instrumental in public relations.
ix) Group communication is possible.
Secondary Finding result 3:
Drawbacks of Oral Communication:
i) Distance can be problem in communication.
ii) In case of lengthy message it becomes boring and difficult.
iii) Long retention of the message is difficult.
iv) No legal validity.
v) Feedback is sometimes biased and creates
misunderstanding.
vi) Barriers and filters create a lot of problem in the process
Communication skills are another crucial skill as a part of four-
core
skill you can develop in the 21st century. Communication
skills are
thinking skills, writing skills, creative skills, design
skills,
technological skills, and also emotional skills and
leadership skills.
We are communicating in our new world with words, pictures,
visuals. It
is a known fact that communication is an exchange
of ideas to express
feelings. Relationships can be raised and
improved with the exchange of
ideas and feelings. This skill is
required to increase profit in any
company. The success lies in
how well one can communicate amongst
different personalities
and how to eliminate confusion.
Conversations,
debates, and discussions are valued highly to
articulate effectively
concepts and ideas in the workplace.
Good communication skills will help
to negotiate, discuss and
write clearly and precisely. This is a step
towards career growth
to be a part of a team or department or clients.
Lack of
communication skills will risk career and it is a pivotal skill.
5-Discussion
The purpose of the discussion is to interpret and
describe the significance of our findings in light
of what was already known about the research
problem being investigated and to explain any
new understanding or insights that emerged as
a result of our study of the problem.
DISCUSSION provides the explanation and
interpretation of results or findings by comparing
with the findings in prior studies. Then, I can say
that: comparted to the previous study about
(Language and Communication Research),
I say that my research is different .
6-Limitations
“The empirical results reported herein should be
considered in the light of some limitations.”
Here are these limitations:
1-Time constraints
Just as researchers have deadlines to turn in
their
class papers, academic researchers also must meet
the deadline for submitting a research manuscript
to a journal. Therefore, the time available to study
a research problem and to measure change over
time is
constrained by the deadline of my
“assignment.”
I should have Made sure I choose a
research
problem that I will be able to complete well before
the
assignment’s deadline. If time constraints
negatively impacted my
study in any way,
acknowledge this impact by mentioning a need for
a future study (e.g., a longitudinal study) to answer
this research problem.
2-Conflicts arising from cultural bias
and
other personal issues
Researchers might be biased views due to their
cultural backgrounds or perspectives of certain
phenomena, and this can affect a study’s legitimacy.
Also, it is possible that researchers will have biases
toward data and results that only support their
hypotheses or arguments.
In order to avoid these problems, the
author(s)
of a study should examine whether the way the
problem was stated and the data-gathering
process were carried out appropriately.
I found a difficulty , but I did it .
3-More study:
subject of my
research is of a national importance
to my great country. Leading a
multicultural team is
very important.
7-Conclusion
In conclusion, I provide a
brief conclusion that ties each
of the findings together and provides a
narrative bridge
to the discussion section of the your paper. We
reached
to the objectives we set before and the vision we
dreamed of
through implementing our mission,
goals and objectives.
Through
conclusion, I give my recommendations.
All people at any organization should know and
practice their work
according to the organization
principles, values, vision, mission, goals
and
objectives. All people became loyal to their
organization in terms
of communication,
responsibility, tolerance, understanding,
good
relation, teamwork, love, respect,
the ideal atmosphere that paved the
way to
creation and innovation.
Also, the leaders worked in terms of
communication,
sharing, mercy rewards, listening to complaints and
speaking, justice, responsibility, equality, solving
problems,
Democracy, commercial awareness and
technical skills.
8-Acknowledgements
I would like to express my very great appreciation to
those people who helped me during my work on this
thesis. They gave advice and assistance in keeping
my progress on schedule.
I would like to express my very great appreciation
to
Dr Rod in East Anglia University for his valuable and
constructive
suggestions during the planning and
development of this research
work. His willingness
to give his time so generously has been
very much
appreciated.
I thank:
(The Main supervisor,The Second supervisor,
The Other academic staff in my department,
The support staff, Administrative staff, The referees,
funding bodies, the supervisor, Any students who
undertook side projects with me, friends and colleagues) .
I would like to offer my special thanks to the students
who undertook side projects with me.
I want to thank my people in charge of the education
system in my country for Funding and inviting me
to work on this project.
I would like to thank the schools, companies,
associations and other educational associations
for their assistance
with the collection of my data :
personnel of schools
( Affiliated Institutions ) for their direct technical help,
time statistics/data and effort. Special thanks to my
colleagues, for their help and support.
I wish to acknowledge the help provided by my public
supervisor for his
help, guidance, and advice in times
when I needed it most.
I am particularly grateful for the assistance given by
my professors in East Anglia University for their
general supervision and general administrative support.
My special thanks are extended to the staff of my team
for their writing assistance, technical editing, language
editing, and proof-reading.”
Finally, I wish to thank my
parents for their support and
encouragement throughout my study.
9-References
1-Some texts from publications of my professors
in East Anglia University, Norwich, Norfolk, England, UK.
2-Some quotations from online sites.
3-Some recommendations, guide and advice from
my colleagues who worked with me collaboratively
and shared in collecting data, analyzed
them and synthesized them .
Teaching Forum, 2016, Volume
54, Number 1
