Inductive & Deductive

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منهج الانجليزى ثانوية عامة / معكم الاستاذ / جرجس حنا هارون /Unit 1: (Writers and stories) Lesson: 1



 

Inductive, Deductive and



Abductive



methods


of


Teaching





Mr. / Girgis







Meaning:

The inductive method of teaching means that the

teacher presents the rule through situations and

sentences and does guided practice, then the learners

 do free practice. After that, the teacher deduces or

elicits the rule form from the learners themselves by

themselves.


An inductive approach to teaching language starts with

 examples and asks learners to find rules. It can be

compared with a deductive approach that starts by

giving learners rules, then examples, then practice.

 


deductive inductive abductive syllogisms




Example


Learners listen to a conversation that includes

examples of the use of the third conditional. The

teacher checks that the students understand the

meaning of its use through checking learners'

comprehension of the listening text, and only after this

 focuses on the form, using the examples from the text

to elicit rules about the form, its use and its

pronunciation.



In the classroom


Inductive approaches to presenting new language are

 commonly found in course books, and form part of a

general strategy to engage learners in what they learn.


Some learners may need introduction to inductive

approaches since they may be more familiar, and feel

more comfortable, with a deductive approach. The

deductive method of teaching means that the teacher

presents the rule, gives a model, then the learners do

 free practice and answer exercises.


 


Image result for Discovery teaching



Definitions:


Induction:


From The Oxford English Dictionary (OED); to induce

(in relation to science and logic) means “to derive by

reasoning, to lead to something as a conclusion, or

inference, to suggest or imply,” and induction “as the

process of inferring a general law or principle from

observation of particular instances.”



Abduction:

Another version is the “adducing (pulling together) of a

 number of separate facts, particulars, etc. especially for

 the purpose of proving a general statement.”

 


abductive reasoning (abductive approach)


Deduction:


The OED definition of to deduce is “to show or hold a

thing to be derived from etc…” or “to draw as a

conclusion from something known or assumed, to infer”;

Deduction thus, is “inference by reasoning from

generals to particulars,” or “the process of deducing

from something known or assumed…”



In the classroom


Inductive approaches to presenting new language are

commonly found in course books, and form part of a

general strategy to engage learners in what they learn.

 Some learners may need introduction to inductive

approaches since they may be more familiar, and feel

more comfortable, with a deductive approach.


The deductive method of teaching means that the

teacher presents the rule, gives a model, then the

learners do free practice and answer exercises.
 




The Difference Between Deductive and Inductive Reasoning | Daniel Miessler  | Inductive reasoning, Abductive reasoning, Problem solving






Differences:


Induction and deduction are pervasive elements in

critical thinking. They are also some what

misunderstood terms.Arguments based on

experience or observation are best expressed

inductively, while arguments based on laws or rules

are best expressed deductively.Most arguments are

mainly inductive. In fact, inductive reasoning usually

comes much more naturally to us than deductive

 reasoning.



 Inductive reasoning moves from specific details and

observations to the lore general underlying principles

or processes that explain them(e.g., newton"s law of

Gravity).



The premises of an inductive argument  are believed

to support the conclusion, but don't ensure it. Thus,

the conclusion of an induction is regarded as a

hypothesis.In the inductive method, also called the

scientific method, observation of nature is the

authority.


 In contrast, deductive reasoning typically moves

general treuths to specific conclusion. It opens with

an expansive explanation and continues with

predication for specific observations supporting

it.Deductive reasoning is narrow in nature and is

concerned with testing or confirming a hypothesis.



 


1-Inductive, deductive and abductive research, and the selected... |  Download Scientific Diagram



Comparison:


 

Deductive reasoning:



Deductive reasoning works from the "general" to the

 

"specific". This is also called a "top-down" approach.

 

The deductive reasoning works as follows: think of a


theory about topic and then narrow it down to specific

 

hypothesis (hypothesis that we test or can test).




Narrow down further if we would like to collect


observations for hypothesis (note that we collect


observations to accept or reject hypothesis and the


reason we do that is to confirm or refute our original


theory).



In a conclusion, when we use deduction we reason

from general principles to specific cases, as in

applying a mathematical theorem to a particular

problem or in citing a law or physics to predict the

outcome of an experiment.


 


Abductive reasoning is the best tool for discovery - SenseCatcher



Inductive reasoning:



 Inductive reasoning works the other way, it works


from observation (or observations) works toward


generalizations and theories. This is also called a


“bottom-up  approach. Inductive reason starts from


specific observations , look for patterns, regularities


(or irregularities), formulate hypothesis that we could


 work with and finally ended up developing general


theories or drawing conclusion.



In a conclusion, when we use Induction we observe a

 number of specific instances and from them infer a

general principle or law. Inductive reasoning is open-

ended and exploratory especially at the beginning.

On the other hand, deductive reasoning is narrow in

nature and is concerned with testing or confirming

hypothesis.


 


Image result for inductive method



Properties of Deduction

 In a valid deductive argument, all of the content of

the conclusion is present, at least implicitly, in the

premises. Deduction is non ampliative. If the

premises are true, the conclusion must be true.

 Valid deduction is necessarily truth preserving.



If new premises are added to a valid deductive

argument (and none of its premises are changed or

 deleted) the argument remains valid. Deductive

validity is an all-or-nothing matter; validity does not

 come in degrees. An argument is totally valid, or it

is invalid.

 


Deduction & Induction - Research Methods Knowledge Base

Properties of Induction:


Induction is palliative. The conclusion of an inductive

 argument has content that goes beyond the content

of its premises. A correct inductive argument may

have true premises and a false conclusion. Induction

is not necessarily truth preserving.


 



View Resources:


1-TILO Project.



2-Active learninh13



3- Active learning 2



4-Critical Thinking 1




5- Critical thinking 2




6- Learning outcomes.

    

View Resources:


1-Teaching Strategies.



2-Leadership.



3-Tilo Project.



4-High schools Education.



5-New Vocabulary.



6-Teaching songs.



7-Teaching spelling.


Cover photo of Forum


Teaching Forum 2007, Volume


45, Number 3



1-Student Storytelling



2-Student-Centered Teaching in Classes




3-Students as Textbook Authors




4-Using Practice Posters




5-Designing Lessons for EFL Listening




6- Family Fun Across the USA




7-Lesson Plan: A Day at the Fair




8-The Lighter Side: Fair Finds



9-Model Lesson / Lesson Plan.




10-How to teach a novel



11--Egyptian Education System.


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