Nouns in English Language.

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Nouns

Mr. / Girgis

THE PLURAL OF NOUNS

Most nouns form the plural by

adding -s or -es-or ies.

Examples

Singular Car Necklace	Plural Cars Necklaces
boat Book	boats Books
hat	hats
house	houses
river Dress Shirt Coat suit Bag Tie Chicken	rivers Dresses Shirts Coats suits Bags Ties Chickens

A noun ending in -y preceded by a consonant makes the

plural with -ies.

Examples

Singular	Plural
a cry	cries
a fly	flies
a nappy	nappies
a poppy	poppies
a city	cities
a lady	ladies
a baby	babies

Examples of irregular plurals woman women
man	men
child	children
tooth	teeth
foot	feet
person	people
leaf	leaves
half	halves
knife	knives
wife	wives
life	lives
loaf	loaves
potato	potatoes
cactus	cacti
focus	foci
fungus	fungi
nucleus	nuclei
syllabus	syllabi/syllabuses
analysis	analyses
diagnosis	diagnoses
oasis	oases
thesis	theses
crisis	crises
phenomenon	phenomena
criterion	criteria
datum	data

the same form in singular and plural.

Examples

Singular	Plural
sheep	sheep
fish	fish
species	species
aircraft	aircraft

Some nouns have a plural form but take a singular verb.

Examples

News: The news is on at 6.30 p.m.

Athletics: Athletics is good for young people.

Linguistics: Linguistics is the study of language.

Darts: Darts is a popular game in England.

Billiards: Billiards is played all over the world.

Some nouns have a plural form and take a plural verb.

Examples

Trousers My trousers are too tight.

Jeans Her jeans are black.

Glasses Those glasses are his.

Her eye-glasses are nice.

My shoes are fashionable

These pyjamas are old fashion.

others include:

savings, thanks, steps, stair, customs, congratulations,
tropics, wages, spectacles, outskirts, goods, wits

COUNTABLE AND UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS

Countable nouns are for things we can count

Examples

dog, horse, man, shop, idea., turkey, pie, drink,f irework, present, electronic set,sppon,fork,kitchen,bedroom,air condition, sandwich,canned food.

They usually have a singular and plural form.

Examples

two dogs, ten horses, a man, six men, the shops, a few ideas.

Uncountable nouns are for the things that we cannot count

Examples

Tea, sugar, water, air, rice.

They are often the names for abstract ideas or qualities.

Examples

Knowledge, beauty, Jewelery, anger, fear, love,fun, laughter,entertainment.

They are used with a singular verb. They usually do not have a plural form. We cannot say sugars, angers, knowledges.

Examples of common uncountable nouns:

money, furniture, happiness, sadness, research, evidence,
safety, beauty, knowledge.

We cannot use a/an with these nouns. To express a quantity of one of

these nouns, use a word or expression like:

some, a lot of, a piece of, a bit of, a great deal of...

Examples

There has been a lot of research into the causes of this disease.

He gave me a great deal of advice before my interview.

They've got a lot of furniture.

Can you give me some information about uncountable nouns?

Some nouns are countable in other languages but uncountable in

English. Some of the most common of these are:

accommodation

advice

baggage

behaviour

bread

furniture

information

luggage

news

progress

traffic

travel

trouble

weather

work

BE CAREFUL with the noun 'hair' which is normally

uncountable in English:

She has long blonde hair

It can also be countable when referring to individual hairs:

My father's getting a few grey hairs

Compound Nouns:

Formation

Words can be combined to form compound nouns. These are very common, and new combinations are invented almost daily. They normally have two parts. The second part identifies the object or person in question (man, friend, tank, table, room). The first part tells us what kind of object or person it is, or what its purpose is (police, boy, water, dining, bed):

What type / what purpose	What or who
police	man
boy	friend
water	tank
dining	table
bed Chair	room Carpet

Two parts may be written in a number of ways :

1. as one word.
Example: policeman, boyfriend

2. as two words joined with a hyphen.
Example: dining-table

3. as two separate words.
Example: fish tank.

Compound nouns often have a meaning that is different from the two

separate words.

Stress is important in pronunciation, as it distinguishes between a compound noun (e.g. greenhouse) and an adjective with a noun (e.g. green house).

In compound nouns, the stress usually falls on the first syllable:

a 'greenhouse = place where we grow plants (compound noun)
a green 'house = house painted green (adjective and noun)
a 'bluebird = type of bird (compound noun)
a blue 'bird = any bird with blue feathers (adjective and noun)

* Many common compound nouns are formed from phrasal verbs (verb + adverb or adverb + verb).

Examples

Breakdown, outbreak, outcome, cutback, drive-in, drop-out, feedback, flyover, hold-up, hangover, outlay, outlet, inlet, makeup, output, set-back, stand-in, takeaway, walkover.

NATIONALITIES

Country: I live in England.

Adjective: He reads English literature.

Noun: She is an Englishwoman.

Note:

We use the + nationality adjective ending in -ese or -ish with a plural verb, to refer to all people of that nationality:

The Chinese are very hard-working.

The Spanish often go to sleep in the afternoon.

COUNTRY	ADJECTIVE	NOUN
Africa	African	an African
America	American	an American
Argentina	Argentinian	an Argentinian
Austria	Austrian	an Austrian
Autralia	Australian	an Australian
Bangladesh	Bangladesh(i)	a Bangladeshi
Belgium	Belgian	a Belgian
Brazil	Brazilian	a Brazilian
Britain	British	a Briton/Britisher
Cambodia	Cambodian	a Cambodian
Chile	Chilean	a Chilean
China	Chinese	a Chinese
Colombia	Colombian	a Colombian
Croatia	Croatian	a Croat
the Czech Republic	Czech	a Czech
Denmark	Danish	a Dane
England	English	an Englishman/Englishwoman
Finland	Finnish	a Finn
France	French	a Frenchman/Frenchwoman
Germany	German	a German
Greece	Greek	a Greek
Holland	Dutch	a Dutchman/Dutchwoman
Hungary	Hungarian	a Hungarian
Iceland	Icelandic	an Icelander
India	Indian	an Indian
Indonesia	Indonesian	an Indonesian
Iran	Iranian	an Iranian
Iraq	Iraqi	an Iraqi
Ireland	Irish	an Irishman/Irishwoman
Israel	Israeli	an Israeli
Jamaica	Jamaican	a Jamaican
Japan	Japanese	a Japanese
Mexico	Mexican	a Mexican
Morocco	Moroccan	a Moroccan
Norway	Norwegian	a Norwegian
Peru	Peruvian	a Peruvian
the Philippines	Philippine	a Filipino
Poland	Polish	a Pole
Portugal	Portuguese	a Portuguese
Rumania	Rumanian	a Rumanian
Russia	Russian	a Russian
Saudi Arabia	Saudi, Saudi Arabian	a Saudi, a Saudi Arabian
Scotland	Scottish	a Scot
Serbia	Serbian	a Serb
the Slovak Republic	Slovak	a Slovak
Sweden	Swedish	a Swede
Switzerland	Swiss	a Swiss
Thailand	Thai	a Thai
The USA	American	an American
Tunisia	Tunisian	a Tunisian
Turkey	Turkish	a Turk
Vietnam	Vietnamese	a Vietnamese
Wales	Welsh	a Welshman/Welshwoman
Yugoslavia	Yugoslav	a Yugoslav

Learn English for free! There are many nouns in English. Nouns can either be singular or plural. It is usually easy to create plural nouns in English, but there are some exceptions. In this lesson, you will learn about collective nouns (group nouns).