Adverbs

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Adverbs



5 Activities With Adverbs for Classroom Fun | YourDictionary








Mr. / Girgis




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Adverbs modify verbs.

FUNCTION

ADVERBS OF MANNER


ADVERBS OF Place


Adverbs of Degree

Adverbs of Time.



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List of Adverbs



Adverbs modify verbs.



Adverbs are preceded by verbs that refer 


to manner or conduct like:



 Example : He behaves politely.


                :  She plays cleverly.


                :  They work well,


                : John works hard.


                : Peter acts differently.


 


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FUNCTION



Adverbs modify, or tell us more about 


other words,


usually verbs:




Examples



  • The bus moved slowly.

  • The bears ate greedily.




Sometimes they tell us more about 


adjectives:



Examples



  • You look absolutely fabulous!





They can also modify other adverbs:



Examples



  • She played the violin extremely well.


  • You're speaking too quietly.


 



Rules




1. In most cases, an adverb is formed by 


adding '-ly' to an adjective:



Adjective Adverb



cheap



quick



slow

cheaply



quickly



slowly





Examples:




  • Time goes quickly.



  • He walked slowly to the door.



  • She certainly had an interesting life.



  • He carefully picked up the sleeping child.


 



2. Some adverbs have the same form


as the adjective:




Adjective and Adverb




early



fast



hard



high

late



near



straight



wrong




Compare:



  • It is a fast car.


  • He drives very fast.





  • This is a hard exercise.


  • He works hard




  • We saw many high buildings.


  • The bird flew high in the sky.




3. 'Well' and 'good'



'Well' is the adverb that corresponds 


to the adjective 'good'.



Examples:




  • He is a good student.


  • He studies well


  • She is a good pianist.


  • She plays the piano well.


  • They are good swimmers.


  • They swim well.


 


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KINDS OF ADVERBS




ADVERBS OF MANNER





Rule




Adverbs of manner tell us how something 


happens. They are usually placed after


the main verb or after the object.





Examples:



  • He swims well, (after the main verb)


  • He ran... rapidly, slowly, quickly..


  • She spoke... softly, loudly,



  •  aggressively..



  • James coughed loudly to attract her 

  • attention.


  • He plays the flute beautifully.

  • (after the object)


  • He ate the chocolate cake greedily.





BE CAREFUL!



The adverb should not be put between


the verb and the object:





Examples




He ate greedily the chocolate ca [incorrect]


He ate the chocolate cake greedily [correct]





Rule




If there is a preposition before the object,


 e.g. at, towards, we can place the adverb 


either before the preposition or after




Examples




  • The child ran happily towards his mother.



  • The child ran towards his mother happily.





Rule




Sometimes an adverb of manner is placed 


before a verb + object to add emphasis:



Examples



He gently woke the sleeping woman.




Some writers put an adverb of manner at 


the beginning of the sentence to catch our


 attention and make us curious:




Examples



  • Slowly she picked up the knife.





Rule




(We want to know what happened slowly,


who did it slowly, why they did it slowly)


However, adverbs should always come


AFTER intransitive verbs (=verbs which 


have no object).



Examples




The town grew quickly



He waited patiently



Also, these common adverbs are almost 


always placed AFTER the verb:



  • well


  • badly


  • hard


  • fast





Rule




The position of the adverb is important 


when there is more than one verb in a 


sentence. If the adverb is placed after 


a clause, then it modifies the whole


 action described by the clause.


Notice the difference in meaning between 


the following pairs of sentences:



She quickly agreed to re-type the letter (= 


her agreement was quick)





She agreed to re-type the letter quickly (= 

the re-typing was quick)



He quietly asked me to leave the house (= 

his request was quiet)




He asked me to leave the house quietly (= 

the leaving was quiet


 


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ADVERBS OF PLACE




Rule



Adverbs of place tell us where something 


happens.


They are usually placed after the main


 verb or after the object:



Examples:



after the main verb:


I looked everywhere



John looked away, up, down, around...


I'm going home, out, back


Come in





after the object:




They built a house nearby


She took the child outside




Common Adverbs of Place


'Here' and 'there'



With verbs of movement, here means 


towards or with the speaker:



  • Come here (= towards me)



  • It's in here (= come with me to see it)



There means away from, or not 


with the speaker:



  • Put it there (= away from me)


  • It's in there (= go by yourself to see it)



Here and there are combined with


prepositions to make many common


adverbial phrases:




down here, down there;


over here, over there;


under here, under there;


up here, up there




Here and there are placed at the beginning


 of the sentence in exclamations or when 


emphasis is needed.





They are followed by the verb if the 


subject is a noun:



Here comes the bus. (followed by the verb)




Or by a pronoun if this is the subject


 (it, she, he etc.):



Here it is! (followed by the pronoun)



There she goes! (followed by the pronoun)


NOTE: most common adverbs of place also

 

function as prepositions.




Examples:



about, across, along, around, behind,


by, down, in, off, on, over, round,


through, under, up.



Other adverbs of place: ending in '-wards',


expressing movement in a particular 


direction:




northwards

southwards

eastwards

westwards

home wards

onwards






Examples:



Cats don't usually walk backwards.


The ship sailed westwards.




BE CAREFUL! 'Towards' is a preposition,


 not an adverb, so it is always followed by


 a noun or a pronoun:



He walked towards the car.



She ran towards me.



Expressing both movement and location:


ahead, abroad, overseas, uphill, 


downhill, sideways, indoors, outdoors



Examples:



The child went indoors.


He lived and worked abroad.


 


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Adverbs of Degree: Full List with Examples & Exercises



ADVERBS OF DEGREE




Usage



Adverbs of degree tell us about the intensity


or degree of an action, an adjective or another


adverb.


Common adverbs of degree:


Almost, nearly, quite, just, too, enough,


hardly, scarcely, completely, very, extremely



Adverbs of degree are usually placed:


before the adjective or adverb they are 


modifying:



e.g. The water was extremely cold.


before the main verb:


e.g. He was just leaving. She has almost


finished.




Examples



She doesn't quite know what she'll do after 

university.



They are completely exhausted from the trip.

I am too tired to go out tonight.

He hardly noticed what she was saying.



Enough, very, too



Enough as an adverb meaning 'to the


necessary degree' goes after adjectives


and adverbs.



Examples




Is your coffee hot enough? (adjective)


He didn't work hard enough. (adverb)



It also goes before nouns, and means 'as


much as is necessary'. In this case it is not


 an adverb, but a 'determiner'.



Examples




We have enough bread.


They don't have enough food.




Too as an adverb meaning 'more than is 


necessary or useful' goes before adjectives 


and adverbs, e.g.




This coffee is too hot. (adjective)

He works too hard. (adverb)




Enough and too with adjectives can be 


followed by 'for someone/something'.



Examples



The dress was big enough for me.


She's not experienced enough for this job.


The coffee was too hot for me.


The dress was too small for her.




We can also use 'to + infinitive' after enough


and too with adjectives/adverb.



Examples



The coffee was too hot to drink.


He didn't work hard enough to pass the exam.


She's not old enough to get married.


You're too young to have grandchildren!




Very goes before an adverb or adjective to 


make it stronger.




Examples



The girl was very beautiful. (adjective)


He worked very quickly. (adverb)



If we want to make a negative form of an 


adjective or adverb, we can use a word of 


opposite meaning, or not very.



Examples



The girl was ugly OR The girl was not very

beautiful.



He worked slowly OR He didn't work very

quickly.



BE CAREFUL! There is a big difference 


between



too and very.


Very expresses a fact:


He speaks very quickly.


Too suggests there is a problem:


He speaks too quickly (for me to understand).




Other adverbs like very



These common adverbs are used like very


and not very, and are listed in order of


strength, from positive to negative:



extremely, especially, particularly, pretty, 


rather, quite, fairly, rather, not especially, 


not particularly.



Note: rather can be positive or negative, 


depending on the adjective or adverb that 


follows:



Positive: The teacher was rather nice.



Negative: The film was rather disappointing.


 


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Inversion with negative adverbs



Normally the subject goes before the verb:



SUBJECT VERB


I



She

left



goes




However, some negative adverbs can 

cause an inversion - the order is 

reversed and the verb goes before 

the subject




Examples




I have never seen such courage. Never

have I seen such courage.


She rarely left the house. Rarely did 

she leave the house.



Negative inversion is used in writing,


not in speaking.



Other adverbs and adverbial expressions 


that can be used like this:


seldom, scarcely, hardly, not only .....


but also, no sooner .....


than, not until, under no circumstances.

 




ADVERBS OF CERTAINTY



Adverbs of certainty express how certain 


or sure we feel about an action or event.



Usage



Common adverbs of certainty:


certainly, definitely, probably, 


undoubtedly, surely



1. Adverbs of certainty go before the main 


verb but after the verb 'to be':



He definitely left the house this morning.


He is probably in the park.



2. With other auxiliary verb, these adverbs 


go between the auxiliary and the main verb:




He has certainly forgotten the meeting.


He will probably remember tomorrow.




3. Sometimes these adverbs can be


 placed at the beginning of the sentence:



Undoubtedly, Winston Churchill was a


great politician.




BE CAREFUL! with surely. When it is placed


 at the beginning of the sentence, it means 


the speaker thinks something is true, but is 


looking for confirmation:



Surely you've got a bicycle?


 



COMMENTING  ADVERBS



There are some adverbs and adverbial 


expressions which tell us about the 


speaker's viewpoint or opinion about


an action, or make some comment on


 the action.




Viewpoint



Frankly, I think he is a liar. (= this is my


 frank, honest opinion)


Theoretically, you should pay a fine.


(= from a theoretical point of view but there 

may be another way of looking at the 

situation)



These adverbs are placed at the beginning


of the sentence and are separated from the 


rest of the sentence by a comma.


Some common Viewpoint adverbs:


honestly, seriously, confidentially,


personally, surprisingly, ideally,


economically, officially, obviously,


clearly, surely, undoubtedly.



Examples



Personally, I'd rather go by train.

Surprisingly, this car is cheaper than the 

smaller model.

Geographically, Britain is rather cut off from

 the rest of Europe.




Commenting


These are very similar to viewpoint adverbs, 


and often the same words, but they go in a 


different position - after the verb to be and


before the main verb.







Examples



She is certainly the best person for the job.

You obviously enjoyed your meal.

Some common Commenting adverbs:


definitely, certainly, obviously, simply.


 


How to Quiet a Class Without Yelling




RELATIVE ADVERBS





Rule


The following adverbs can be used to join


 sentences or clauses. They replace the 


more formal structure of preposition + which


in a relative clause:



where, when, why




Examples:




That's the restaurant where we met for the 

first time. (where = at/in which)



I remember the day when we first met.

(when = on which)



There was a very hot summer the year

when he was born. (when = in which)



Tell me (the reason) why you were late 

home. (why = for which, but could replace 

the whole phrase 'the reason for which')
 



Adverbs of Time



Adverbs of time tell us when an action 


happened, but also for how long, and


 how often.



Examples



When: today, yesterday, later, now, last year


For how long: all day, not long, for a while,

 since last year




How often: sometimes, frequently, never, 

often, yearly



"When" adverbs are usually placed at the 


end of the sentence:



Examples



Goldilocks went to the Bears' house

yesterday.

I'm going to tidy my room tomorrow.

This is a "neutral" position, but some


"when" adverbs can be put in other 


positions to give a different emphasis



Compare:


Later Goldilocks ate some porridge. 


(the time is more important)



Goldilocks later ate some porridge.


 (this is more formal, like a policeman's 


report.




Goldilocks ate some porridge later.


 (this is neutral, no particular emphasis)





"For how long" adverbs are usually placed


 at the end of the sentence:




Examples



She stayed in the Bears' house all day.


My mother lived in France for a year.



Notice: 'for' is always followed by an 


expression of duration:



Examples



for three days,

for a week,

for several years,

for two centuries.



'since' is always followed by an expression 


of a point in time:



Examples



since Monday,


since the last week


"How often" adverbs expressing the


frequency of an action are usually placed 


before the main verb but after auxiliary


 verbs (such as be, have, may, must):




Examples




I often eat vegetarian food.

(before the main verb)



He never drinks milk. 

(before the main verb)



You must always fasten your seat belt. 

(after the auxiliary must)



She is never sea-sick.

(after the auxiliary is)



I have never forgotten my first kiss. 

(after the auxiliary have and before the main

 verb forgotten)


 




Some other "how often" adverbs 


express the exact number of times 


an action happens and are usually


placed at the end of the sentence:





Examples



This magazine is published monthly.

He visits his mother once a week.


When a frequency adverb is placed at


 the end of a sentence it is much stronger.



Compare:


She regularly visits France.


She visits France regularly.




Adverbs that can be used in these two 


positions:


frequently,


generally,

normally,

occasionally,


often,


regularly,


sometimes,

usually

'Yet' and 'still'



Yet is used in questions and in negative 


sentences, and is placed at the end of 


the sentence or after not.






Examples




Have you finished your work yet? (= a 

simple request for information) No, not 

yet. (= simple negative answer)


They haven't met him yet. (= simple 

negative statement)


Haven't you finished yet? (= expressing 

slight surprise)



Still expresses continuity; it is used in 


positive sentences and questions, and is 


placed before the main verb and after 


auxiliary verbs (such as be, have, might, 


will)




Examples




I am still hungry.


She is still waiting for you


Are you still here?


Do you still work for the BBC?


 


Teaching Strategies




MORE RULES ABOUT ADVERBS




1. You can use adverbs before adjectives


That was a totally stupid thing to do


She was surprisingly good at English


 for a beginner


Sara is absolutely brilliant at speaking English


but not so good at writing tasks.


He said he was terribly sorry for what he did.

 

2. You can use adverbs TOGETHER WITH 


other adverbs


She finished the IELTS writing exam


amazingly quickly.



I complained because they made my coffee


incredibly slowly.


 

3. You can use adverbs with PAST 


PARTICIPLES



They have been happily married for 15 years.


Don't go home until you have completely


finished what you are doing!


 


Study grammar / Syntax:



1-Nouns.



2 )Verbs.



3-Adjectives



4-Adverbs




5- Articles.



6)-Question.



7-Phrasal verbs.



8- E.  Prepositions.



9-) Active & Passive.



10-) Kinds of Sentences.


11- The Punctuation marks.



12-) Direct & Indirect Speech.



13--The Communicative grammar


View External Resources


1-G o to Oxford Sound Dictionary


2-Go to Cambridge Dictionary online.


Teaching Forum, 2016 Volume


54, Number 4


1-Vocabulary Games



 2-Lessons for TESOL Educators



3-Collaborative Professional Development



4-Readers’ Guide



5-Ten Things to Enhance Learning



6-My Classroom



7-Jigsaw Vocabulary



8-The Lighter Side



9-Learn English Grammar Today.



10--Online grammar & vocabulary test



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