Adverbs.

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Adverbs modify verbs.
FUNCTION

ADVERBS OF MANNER

ADVERBS OF Place

Adverbs of Degree
Adverbs of Time.


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Adverbs




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List of Adverbs



Adverbs modify verbs.


Adverbs are preceded by verbs that refer to manner or


conduct like:


 Example : He behaves politely.

                :  She plays cleverly.

                :  They work well,

                : John works hard.

                : Peter acts differently.


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   FUNCTION


Adverbs modify, or tell us more about other words,


usually verbs:


Examples


  • The bus moved slowly.
  • The bears ate greedily.



Sometimes they tell us more about adjectives:


Examples


  • You look absolutely fabulous!



They can also modify other adverbs:


Examples


  • She played the violin extremely well.
  • You're speaking too quietly.




 


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Rules

1. In most cases, an adverb is formed by adding '-ly' to

an adjective:


Adjective Adverb

cheap
quick
slow

cheaply
quickly
slowly



Examples:


  • Time goes quickly.
  • He walked slowly to the door.
  • She certainly had an interesting life.
  • He carefully picked up the sleeping child.




Rules


1. In most cases, an adverb is formed by adding '-ly' to

an adjective:


Adjective Adverb

cheap
quick
slow

cheaply
quickly
slowly




Examples:


  • Time goes quickly.
  • He walked slowly to the door.
  • She certainly had an interesting life.
  • He carefully picked up the sleeping child.



 


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2. Some adverbs have the same form as the adjective:


Adjective and Adverb

early
fast
hard
high

late
near
straight
wrong



Compare:


  • It is a fast car.
  • He drives very fast.
  • This is a hard exercise.
  • He works hard
  • We saw many high buildings.
  • The bird flew high in the sky.





3. 'Well' and 'good'


'Well' is the adverb that corresponds to the adjective 'good'.



Examples:


  • He is a good student.
  • He studies well
  • She is a good pianist.
  • She plays the piano well.
  • They are good swimmers.
  • They swim well.


 


Introduction to Adverbs | English Grammar | Grade 4 | ORCHIDS



KINDS OF ADVERBS


ADVERBS OF MANNER




Rule



Adverbs of manner tell us how something happens. They are usually placed after the main verb or after the object.



Examples:



  • He swims well, (after the main verb)
  • He ran... rapidly, slowly, quickly..
  • She spoke... softly, loudly, aggressively..
  • James coughed loudly to attract her attention.
  • He plays the flute beautifully. (after the object)
  • He ate the chocolate cake greedily.




BE CAREFUL!



The adverb should not be put between the verb and the object:



Examples


  • He ate greedily the chocolate cake [incorrect]
  • He ate the chocolate cake greedily [correct]



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Rule


If there is a preposition before the object, e.g. at, towards, we can place the adverb either before the preposition or after the object.



Examples


  • The child ran happily towards his mother.
  • The child ran towards his mother happily.




Rule


Sometimes an adverb of manner is placed before a verb + object to add emphasis:


Examples


  • He gently woke the sleeping woman.




Some writers put an adverb of manner at the beginning of the sentence to catch our attention and make us curious:


Examples


  • Slowly she picked up the knife.





Rule



(We want to know what happened slowly, who did it slowly, why they did it slowly)

However, adverbs should always come AFTER intransitive verbs (=verbs which have no object).



Examples


  • The town grew quickly
  • He waited patiently



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Also, these common adverbs are almost always

 placed AFTER the verb:


  • well
  • badly
  • hard
  • fast





Rule



The position of the adverb is important when there is more than one verb in a sentence. If the adverb is placed after a clause, then it modifies the whole action described by the clause.



Notice the difference in meaning between the

 following pairs of sentences:


  • She quickly agreed to re-type the letter (= her agreement was quick)
  • She agreed to re-type the letter quickly (= the re-typing was quick)
  • He quietly asked me to leave the house (= his request was quiet)
  • He asked me to leave the house quietly (= the leaving was quiet


 


Adverb Of Place - Javatpoint




ADVERBS OF PLACE



Rule


Adverbs of place tell us where something happens.
They are usually placed after the main verb or after the object:



Examples:



after the main verb:

  • I looked everywhere
  • John looked away, up, down, around...
  • I'm going home, out, back
  • Come in

    after the object:

  • They built a house nearby
  • She took the child outside




Common Adverbs of Place


'Here' and 'there'


With verbs of movement, here means towards

 or with the speaker:


  • Come here (= towards me)
  • It's in here (= come with me to see it)




There means away from, or not with the speaker:


  • Put it there (= away from me)
  • It's in there (= go by yourself to see it)




Here and there are combined with prepositions

to make many common adverbial phrases:


down here, down there;
over here, over there;
under here, under there
;
up here, up there



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Here and there are placed at the beginning of the sentence in exclamations or when emphasis is needed.


They are followed by the verb if the subject is a noun:

  • Here comes the bus. (followed by the verb)




Or by a pronoun if this is the subject (it, she, he etc.):


  • Here it is! (followed by the pronoun)
  • There she goes! (followed by the pronoun)

NOTE: most common adverbs of place also

 function as prepositions.



Examples:


about, across, along, around, behind, by, down, in, off, on, over, round, through, under, up.




Other adverbs of place: ending in '-wards',

expressing movement in a particular direction:



 northwards
southwards
eastwards
westwards
home wards
onwards





Examples:


  • Cats don't usually walk backwards.
  • The ship sailed westwards.




BE CAREFUL! 'Towards' is a preposition, not an adverb, so it is always followed by a noun or a pronoun:


  • He walked towards the car.
  • She ran towards me.


expressing both movement and location:


ahead, abroad, overseas, uphill, downhill,

 sideways, indoors, outdoors



Examples:


  • The child went indoors.
  • He lived and worked abroad.




 


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Adverbs of Degree: Full List with Examples & Exercises

ADVERBS OF DEGREE





Usage



Adverbs of degree tell us about the intensity or degree

of an action, an adjective or another adverb.

Common adverbs of degree:

Almost, nearly, quite, just, too, enough, hardly,

scarcely, completely, very, extremely.



Adverbs of degree are usually placed:


  1. before the adjective or adverb they are modifying:
    e.g. The water was extremely cold.
  2. before the main verb:
    e.g. He was just leaving. She has almost finished.



Examples


  • She doesn't quite know what she'll do after university.
  • They are completely exhausted from the trip.
  • I am too tired to go out tonight.
  • He hardly noticed what she was saying.





Enough, very, too



Enough as an adverb meaning 'to the necessary

degree' goes after adjectives and adverbs.



Examples


  • Is your coffee hot enough? (adjective)
  • He didn't work hard enough. (adverb)






It also goes before nouns, and means 'as much as is

necessary'. In this case it is not an adverb, but a

'determiner'.



Examples


  • We have enough bread.
  • They don't have enough food.



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Too as an adverb meaning 'more than is necessary or useful' goes before adjectives and adverbs, e.g.


  • This coffee is too hot. (adjective)
  • He works too hard. (adverb)





Enough and too with adjectives can be followed

by 'for someone/something'.



Examples


  • The dress was big enough for me.
  • She's not experienced enough for this job.
  • The coffee was too hot for me.
  • The dress was too small for her.



We can also use 'to + infinitive' after enough and too

with adjectives/adverb.



Examples


  • The coffee was too hot to drink.
  • He didn't work hard enough to pass the exam.
  • She's not old enough to get married.
  • You're too young to have grandchildren!




Very goes before an adverb or adjective to make


 it stronger.



Examples



  • The girl was very beautiful. (adjective)
  • He worked very quickly. (adverb)

If we want to make a negative form of an adjective or adverb,



we can use a word of opposite meaning, or not very.


Examples


  • The girl was ugly OR The girl was not very beautiful
  • He worked slowly OR He didn't work very quickly.



BE CAREFUL! There is a big difference between

too and very.


  • Very expresses a fact:
    He speaks very quickly.
  • Too suggests there is a problem:
    He speaks too quickly (for me to understand).




Other adverbs like very


These common adverbs are used like very and not

very, and are listed in order of strength, from positive

 to negative:


extremely, especially, particularly, pretty, rather,

quite, fairly, rather, not especially, not particularly.



Note: rather can be positive or negative, depending

 on the adjective or adverb that follows:


Positive: The teacher was rather nice.

Negative: The film was rather disappointing.

 


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Inversion with negative


 adverbs



Normally the subject goes before the verb:


SUBJECT VERB

I

She

left

goes


However, some negative adverbs can cause an

inversion - the order is reversed and the verb

goes before the subject


Examples


  • I have never seen such courage. Never have I seen such courage.
  • She rarely left the house. Rarely did she leave the house.



Negative inversion is used in writing, not in speaking.

Other adverbs and adverbial expressions that can be used like this:


seldom, scarcely, hardly, not only .....
but also, no sooner .....
than, not until, under no circumstances.


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ADVERBS OF CERTAINTY



Adverbs of certainty express how certain or sure we feel about an action or event.



Usage



Common adverbs of certainty:


certainly, definitely, probably, undoubtedly, surely



1. Adverbs of certainty go before the main verb but

after the verb 'to be':


  • He definitely left the house this morning.
  • He is probably in the park.



2. With other auxiliary verb, these adverbs go between the auxiliary and the main verb:


  • He has certainly forgotten the meeting.
  • He will probably remember tomorrow.



3. Sometimes these adverbs can be placed at the beginning of the sentence:


  • Undoubtedly, Winston Churchill was a great politician.




BE CAREFUL! with surely. When it is placed at the

beginning of the sentence, it means the speaker thinks

something is true, but is looking for confirmation:


  • Surely you've got a bicycle?



COMMENTING  ADVERBS



There are some adverbs and adverbial expressions

which tell us about the speaker's viewpoint or opinion

about an action, or make some comment on the action.



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Viewpoint



Frankly, I think he is a liar. (= this is my frank, honest opinion)

Theoretically, you should pay a fine. (= from a

theoretical point of view but there may be another

way of looking at the situation)



These adverbs are placed at the beginning of the

sentence and are separated from the rest of the

sentence by a comma.


Some common Viewpoint adverbs:


honestly, seriously, confidentially, personally,

surprisingly, ideally, economically, officially,

obviously, clearly, surely, undoubtedly.



Examples



  • Personally, I'd rather go by train.
  • Surprisingly, this car is cheaper than the smaller model.
  • Geographically, Britain is rather cut off from the rest of Europe.




Commenting


These are very similar to viewpoint adverbs, and often the same words, but they go in a different position - after the verb to be and before the main verb.



Examples



  • She is certainly the best person for the job.
  • You obviously enjoyed your meal.

Some common Commenting adverbs:

definitely, certainly, obviously, simply.



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RELATIVE ADVERBS



Rule


The following adverbs can be used to join sentences or clauses. They replace the more formal structure of preposition + which in a relative clause:

where, when, why



Examples:



  • That's the restaurant where we met for the first time.
    (where = at/in which)
  • I remember the day when we first met.
    (when = on which)
  • There was a very hot summer the year when he was born.
    (when = in which)
  • Tell me (the reason) why you were late home.
    (why = for which, but could replace the whole phrase
  •  'the reason for which')


 


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Adverbs of Time


Adverbs of time tell us when an action happened,

 but also for how long, and how often.


Examples


  • When: today, yesterday, later, now, last year
  • For how long: all day, not long, for a while, since last year
  • How often: sometimes, frequently, never, often, yearly



"When" adverbs are usually placed at the end of the sentence:



Examples



  • Goldilocks went to the Bears' house yesterday.
  • I'm going to tidy my room tomorrow.

This is a "neutral" position, but some "when" adverbs can be put in other positions to give a different emphasis


Compare:


  • Later Goldilocks ate some porridge. (the time is more important)
  • Goldilocks later ate some porridge. (this is more formal, like a policeman's report.
  • Goldilocks ate some porridge later. (this is neutral, no particular emphasis)




"For how long" adverbs are usually placed at

 the end of the sentence:



Examples



  • She stayed in the Bears' house all day.
  • My mother lived in France for a year.




Notice: 'for' is always followed by an expression of

duration:


Examples



  • for three days,
  • for a week,
  • for several years,
  • for two centuries.


'since' is always followed by an expression of a

 point in time:



Examples



  • since Monday,
  • since the last war.



Teaching Strategies



"How often" adverbs expressing the frequency of an action are usually placed before the main verb but after auxiliary verbs (such as be, have, may, must):



Examples



  • I often eat vegetarian food. (before the main verb)
  • He never drinks milk. (before the main verb)
  • You must always fasten your seat belt. (after the auxiliary must)
  • She is never sea-sick.(after the auxiliary is)
  • I have never forgotten my first kiss. (after the auxiliary have and before the main verb forgotten)


 




Some other "how often" adverbs express the exact


number of times an action happens and are usually


placed at the end of the sentence:




Examples



  • This magazine is published monthly.
  • He visits his mother once a week.


When a frequency adverb is placed at the end of a

sentence it is much stronger.



Compare:

  • She regularly visits France.
  • She visits France regularly.



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Adverbs that can be used in these two positions:

  • frequently,
  • generally,
  • normally,
  • occasionally,
  • often,
  • regularly,
  • sometimes,
  • usually

'Yet' and 'still'



Yet is used in questions and in negative sentences, and is placed at the end of the sentence or after not.



Examples


  • Have you finished your work yet? (= a simple request for information) No, not yet. (= simple negative answer)
  • They haven't met him yet. (= simple negative statement)
  • Haven't you finished yet? (= expressing slight surprise)





Still expresses continuity; it is used in positive sentences and questions, and is placed before the main verb and after auxiliary verbs (such as be, have, might, will)


Examples


  • I am still hungry.
  • She is still waiting for you
  • Are you still here?
  • Do you still work for the BBC?



 


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MORE GRAMMAR RULES ABOUT ADVERBS



1. You can use adverbs before adjectives

That was a totally stupid thing to do

She was surprisingly good at English for a beginner

Sara is absolutely brilliant at speaking English but not so good at writing tasks.

He said he was terribly sorry for what he did.

 


2. You can use adverbs TOGETHER WITH

other adverbs


She finished the IELTS writing exam amazingly quickly.


I complained because they made my coffee incredibly slowly.

 


3. You can use adverbs with PAST PARTICIPLES

They have been happily married for 15 years.

Don't go home until you have completely finished what you are doing!



5 Fun Ideas to Teach Adverbs in 2nd Grade - YouTube


 


Study grammar / Syntax:



1-Nouns.




2 )Verbs.




3-Adjectives




4-Adverbs





5- Articles.





6)-Question.




7-Phrasal verbs.




8- E.  Prepositions.




9-) Active & Passive.




10-) Kinds of Sentences.




11- The Punctuation marks.




12-) Direct & Indirect Speech.




13--The Communicative grammar




14-Learn English Grammar Today.




15-Online grammar and vocabulary test

View External Resources


1-G o to Oxford Sound Dictionary



2-Go to Cambridge Dictionary online.




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