1-Mr. / Girgis Hanna Haroun, the senior researcher.
2- 3 of my assistant Colleagues.
Editor
Edited by: Mr./ Girgis Hanna Haroun
Supervisor:
Senior and public supervisors of English in Egypt.
The site published on:
www.bchmsg.yolasite.com
Subject:
Learning, Pedagogy and Assessment
Online since : 2018
Affiliation:
The Ministry of Education in Egypt.
Title
Learning, Pedagogy and Assessment
Corresponding Authors:
1-Mr. / Girgis Hanna Haroun, the senior researcher.
2- 3 of my assistant Colleagues.
Editor
Edited by: Mr./ Girgis Hanna Haroun
Supervisor:
Senior and public supervisors of English in Egypt.
The site published on:
www.bchmsg.yolasite.com
Subject:
Learning, Pedagogy and Assessment
Online since : 2018
Affiliation:
The Ministry of Education in Egypt.
Our research is funded by (Ministry of Education) and provided by (full) professors. Our
research focuses on (Learning, Pedagogy and Assessment) as perceived by those on the receiving
end of it.
My research is supervised by my great education experts and public supervisors of
education in Egypt. Research on(Learning, Pedagogy and Assessment) is defined as the influence
of one or more people on the research-related behavior, attitudes or intellectual capacity of others.
Four specific features or keywords of
my professorial research about (Learning, Pedagogy and Assessment) are identified and examined.
They are the conflicts of interest in my research.
Change is an inevitable part of organizational life and if you have any
leadership role, you'll soon be called upon to help lead it. But, we often fear change. This leads to resistance. So,
managing and leading change is a challenging role. It will take you
outside of your comfort zone and beyond your existing management and
supervision tool-set.
But change is predictable.
You can anticipate how
people will respond, and what you need to do to engage them positively. You can plan, prepare, and handle the resistance that will certainly
come. To do that, you need practical tools and models.
This
thesis has been written on commission by me, Girgis Hanna Haroun, a
supervisor of English at high schools and colleges in Egypt.
The findings of our research revealed that this researching study is designed to develop thoughtful and highly skilled educators,
administrators, policy analysts, and academic practitioners.
Distribution of leadership to include teachers, parents, and district
staff is needed in order to improve student achievement.
Districts provide human and financial resources to assist
schools in achieving district-established directions.
Districts
hold principals accountable for implementing and following
up on what
is learned during district-sponsored professional
development.
Research Content
1-Introduction
1-The Research Vision, Mission and Objectives
The vision is (Developing our Education system)..
The mission is Doing research theses
The Objectives are:Solving problems that arise from educational leadership which creates conflicts inside the education
organizations and the educational policy itself.
2-A problem needs a solution
We
faced a problem that needs a an urgent solution.
The problem is: We,
the researching group, noticed that the learning outcomes of high
schools and colleges are low.
It has been known for decades that teachers can have a profound effect on the students they teach.
Education policies can make a significant difference
in a teacher’s work, which in turn affects their students. When expert
teachers are actively engaged in the development of education policy and
initiatives, achieving the intended outcomes and avoiding unintended
consequences is more likely.
3-Reasons for the research:
The
reason for doing such research is that I and my colleagues noticed that
some organizations did not work as efficiently as they could, and
senior managers have encountered various problems. Complaints were
numerous. People worked in terms of only firm accountability and
punishment.
There was no vision, no mission, no objectives, no team
work,
no love or respect and no good performance. We have been
asked to
estimate the situation, analyze it, and come up with
solutions which
could increase efficiency and productivity;
in other words, increase
organizational performance.
After preliminary interviews with the senior
managers and teachers
at schools, we have identified our areas of the
interest: Learning,
Pedagogy and Assessment
The teachers worked individually without any collaboration with their
managers or school leaders. Teachers did't like change. They used
traditional method of teaching like the GTM method.
Learners were just
listeners or stores waiting for being filled
with some information that
were taught by heart. Learners knew
nothing about any critical thinking
like practice, analysis, synthesis,
evaluation, imagination, creation
or innovation.
The organizations had managers of instructions and
orders not
leaders that could lead the education process forward through
the leading skills that the leader should practice and apply.
4- The researching questions:
How do organizational leadership, and researchers affect productivity and efficiency of schools and educational organization? How we make education organizations perform well and learning outcomes high?
5-The problem solutions
Employers
and employees must learn academically and practice actually the roles
played by learners, teachers, senior teachers, parents, leadership, schools, organizations and the Ministry policy.
6-Objectives:
1-Learners become able to know, comprehend and apply.
2-Learners analyze, synthesize and evaluate
3-Imagine, create and innovate
4-Practise, express, behave and criticize.
5-Think, Pair, Share, behave, produce, reproduce, develop and
reform.
6-Listen, speak, red and write.
8-Think, pair, share and solve problems.
9- Use, do, generate and discover.
10-Acquire skills, experiences and culture, understand, create relationship, accept diversity, become a friend to the other, love the others and become a developed citizen to live in peace, and deal
with the whole world properly.
11- Invent and serve the humanity.
2-Materials and Methods
In order to find out the answer to the research question and to fulfill
both purposes of the research, we have conducted a qualitative
research. We used types of qualitative research methods like an in-depth interview, focus groups, ethnographic research, content analysis and case study research that are
usually used.
This
has been done by interviewing twenty schools managers
and 20 educational leaders or administers beside 50 teachers
and senior
teachers working at schools and education zones
and supervision.
We did
interviews with the learners at all educational stages. We did
interviews with the professors of schools of education in the
universities. We have
tried to talk to representatives of different layers of the
organizations to make our research more diverse and complete.
These semi-structured interviews resulted in qualitative data, which had
been processed and analyzed using coding technique.
My research used 2 methods:
One of academic character, and one
of practical character.
1-The academic purpose is in investigating
relationship between organizational structure, leadership, and
communication and organizational performance, i.e. efficiency and
productivity.
2-The practical purpose is in giving analysis-based recommendations about possible ways to increase productivity and
efficiency to our educational organizations.
3-We used interviews, lectures, debates, experiencing, observations, analysis, synthesis, assessment, feedback and evaluation.
4-We
held workshops, modeling, training units authentic field practice in
actual fields and we assessed, followed and evaluated what we
recommended academically before. It took 3 months to conduct our
experiences that we acquired from our professors in East Anglia
University, England.
3- Main Findings / Results
The
results section is where I
reported the findings of my study based upon the methodologies I
applied to gather information. I used case studies, interviews and
gathered data at the organizations of schools, associations and zones of
education. I reached to some findings.
Findings and results:
We wrote a report that included our data, solutions and recommendations we presented.
Our teachers, senior teachers, schools managers and education organizations leaders learnt the following key findings and secondary findings we presented.
I
will Present
a result and then explain it, before presenting the next result then
explaining it, and so on, then end with an overall synopsis. This is the
preferred approaches I have multiple results of equal significance.
It is more common in longer papers because it helps the reader to
better understand each finding.
1-Learning
Finding result 1:
Why Learning?
1) You can grow as a person, develop your knowledge base and improve yourself for the better.
2)
Learning something new gets us access to new and different
opportunities and the chance to try new experiences that might be the
best ones you have ever tried!
3) You could potentially earn more money in your work life from learning
a new and appropriate skill or by developing one that links
to the work
you do. You’ll rejuvenate your working life and get so
much more from it.
4) Developing a new skill will influence the way you do things day to
day and they will make doing things quicker and easier, saving time,
energy and stress.
5) Learning across our lives is essential for staying up to date in an
ever-changing world. If we stop learning things, we can stagnate
and
actually move backwards, especially in our professional lives.
6) Learning new things is very important for our self-esteem.
Learning
something new keeps brain cells active and allows us to succeed at
something new, allowing us to give ourselves a big pat
on the back.
7) Trying anything different ensures you meet new people, some of whom
will have similar interests to you and be interested in some of the same
things. You could make new friends and really enhance
your social or
work life.
Finding result 2:
Why Learning?
1) You can grow as a person, develop your knowledge base and improve yourself for the better.
2)
Learning something new gets us access to new and different
opportunities and the chance to try new experiences that might be the
best ones you have ever tried!
3) You could potentially earn more money in your work life from learning
a new and appropriate skill or by developing one that links
to the work
you do. You’ll rejuvenate your working life and get so much more from it.
4) Developing a new skill will influence the way you do things day to
day and they will make doing things quicker and easier, saving time,
energy and stress.
5) Learning across our lives is essential for staying up to date in an
ever-changing world. If we stop learning things, we can stagnate
and
actually move backwards, especially in our professional lives.
6) Learning new things is very important for our self-esteem.
Learning
something new keeps brain cells active and allows us to succeed at
something new, allowing us to give ourselves a big pat
on the back.
7) Trying anything different ensures you meet new people, some of whom
will have similar interests to you and be interested in some of the same
things. You could make new friends and really enhance
your social or
work life.
Finding result 3 :
Why Learning Foreign Languages?
Foreign
Language study creates more positive attitudes and less prejudice
toward people who are different Analytical skills improve when students
study a foreign language
Business skills plus foreign language skills make an employee more valuable in the marketplace.
Dealing with another culture enables people to gain a more profound understanding of their own culture.
Creativity is increased with the study of foreign languages.
Graduates often cite foreign language courses as some of the most
valuable courses in college because of the communication skills
developed in the process.
International travel is made easier and more pleasant through
knowing a foreign language.
Skills like problem solving, dealing with abstract concepts, are increased when you study a foreign language.
Foreign language study enhances one’s opportunities in government,
business, medicine, law, technology, military, industry, marketing, etc.
A second language improves your skills and grades in math and English and on the SAT and GRE.
Four out of five new jobs in the US are created as a result of
foreign trade.
Foreign languages provide a competitive edge in career choices: one is able to communicate in a second language.
Foreign language study enhances listening skills and memory.
One participates more effectively and responsibly in a multi-cultural world if one knows another language.
Your marketable skills in the global economy are improved if you master another language.
Foreign language study offers a sense of the past: culturally and linguistically.
Secondary Finding / Result: 1
2-Teaching
4 New Paradigms
for
Pedagogy
1-Pedagogy:
Pedagogy is a child-focused teaching approach. It is the art and science of helping kids learn. It is
the discipline that deals with the theory and practice of education;
it thus concerns the study and practice of how best to teach.
Its aims
range from the general (full development of the human being via liberal
education) to the narrower specifics of vocational education (the
imparting and acquisition of specific skills).
It is the method and practice of teaching, especially as an academic subject or theoretical concept:the relationship between applied linguistics and language pedagogy.
With pedagogy, the learner is a dependent personality.
The teacher
determines what, when and how anything is learned.
The learner gas few
resources. The teacher devises transmission techniques to store
knowledge in the learner's heart.
2-Andragogy:
Andragogy is an adult-focused teaching approach. It is a self-directed learning. It is the art and science of helping adults learn.
Itis
the discipline that deals with teaching and learning through
negotiation, self-dialoguing, self exploration, argument and studying
the problem to find solutions for it.
The learner watches, observes and
asks (Why is this? and why is that?). learning is
centered around both the teacher and learner.
The education process
is set up on the basis of a kind of co-operation between the teacher and
the learner. This process focuses on analysis, synthesis and
evaluation. Dialoguing with one's self and dialoguing with others are necessary.
Brainstorming
is basic to teach learners critical thinking. Brainstorming happens
when the teacher asks questions to enable learners to generate ideas.
Generating ideas form a mind map.
3-Heutagogy:
Heutagogy is a Self-Determined Learning. It isthe discipline that deals with teaching and learning through researching and navigation. The education process is set up on the basis of the independent learning.
The learner watches, observes and asks (Why isn't this? and why isn't that?). This process focuses on evaluation, imagination, creation and innovation. Creation or innovation is the knowledge production context. The cognition level is the epistemic level.
The
education sector is for post graduate learners at the universities to
get a higher Diploma degree, a Master degree or a Doctoral degree. There
are three different types of quantitative research question.
4-Synergogy
It is defined as a
“systematic approach to learning in which the members of small teams
learn from one another through structured interactions” .
The
Cooperative learning that will focus on the learning and the problem
solving by using the group activities and joint projects.
It has shown
to be active for most part of the educational level.
"With adult, it is common to use the synergy because the
adults
retain more information when this method is used than using
other methods. "
Secondary Finding / Result: 2
Teaching is the process of attending to people’s needs, experiences and
feelings, and making specific interventions to help them learn
particular things.
Interventions
commonly take the form of questioning, listening, giving information,
explaining some phenomenon, demonstrating a skill or process, testing
understanding and capacity, and facilitating learning activities (such
as note taking, discussion, assignment writing, simulations and
practice).
Assessment
Assessment
Assessment is a strategy used to collect information based on evidence to improve the process of learning or performance. Assessment is part of evaluation. It is done by the teacher himself inside class during the presentation. This collected information is learner-centered, course based, frequently anonymous, and not graded.
Assessment is the process of objectively understanding the state or condition of a thing, by observation and measurement. Assessment of teaching means taking a measure of its effectiveness. “Formative” assessment is a measurement for improving it.
Tools and methods of assessment:
1-The oral discussion.
2-The feedback.
3-The observation sheet.
4-The grading register.
5-The weekly and monthly reports.
6-The learners' portfolio and achievements.
7-The projects and the monthly tests.
8-Performance tasks and self reflection.
9-Periodic quizzes and discussion out of a questions bank .
10-Baseline assessment.
11-Check lists, check points or grade books.
12-Unit projects and extended projects .
13-Register of standards and anecdotal records .
14-Remedial work plan for slow learners and prizes for
advanced or gifted ( Learners with special needs ).
15-Formative interviews.
16-Diagnostic tests.
17-Formative general pretests.
18-summative specific standardized oral tests.
19-Marking and grading.
20-Embedded projects / Electronic projects.
21-Multiple choice Exercises/Close tests/True or false/short answer
22-Essays / written reports / paragraphs / experiments.
23- A survey and a data analysis.
Areas of assessment:
1-The discussion share between the teacher and the learners.
4-The learners' share in solving problems and projects.
5-Learners' story telling, feedback and self-evaluation.
6-The learners' share in the electronic teaching programs.
7-learners'share in songs, debating, interviewing and miming.
8-The learners portfolio, written exercises and tests.
9-The learners' ability to listen, speak, read and write fluently.
10-The learners' ability to dialogue with themselves and with
others, imagine, discover, research, create and innovate.
11-The learner's interaction with the course content, the peer,
the pair, the group, teaching aids, means of technology, the
teacher and with the environmental activities.
Stages of Assessment:
KWL Charts:
K-what do the students already know?
W-what do the students need and want to know?
L-what did the students learn?
5-Discussion
Building rapport with students is very important. The contact between students and
teachers are vital to the students' success. One of the main reasons students leave
school is the feeling of isolation that they experience.
The concern shown will help students get through difficult times and keep working. Faculty have many avenues to
follow to open up the lines of communication.
6-Limitations
“The empirical results reported herein should be considered
in the light of some limitations.”
1-Time constraints
Just as researchers have deadlines to turn in
their class papers, academic researchers also must meet the deadline
for submitting a research manuscript to a journal. Therefore, the time
available to study a research problem and to measure change over time is
constrained by the deadline of my “assignment.”
I should have Made sure I choose a
research problem that I will be able to complete well before the
assignment’s deadline. If time constraints negatively impacted my
study in any way, acknowledge this impact by mentioning a need for a
future study to answer this research
problem.
2-Conflicts arising from cultural bias and other personal issues
Researchers might be biased views due to
their cultural backgrounds or perspectives of certain phenomena, and
this can affect a study’s legitimacy. Also, it is possible that
researchers will have biases toward data and results that only support
their hypotheses or arguments.
In order to avoid these problems, the
author(s) of a study should examine whether the way the problem was
stated and the data-gathering process were carried out appropriately. I found a difficulty , but I did it.
8-Acknowledgements
I would like to express my very great appreciation
to those people
who helped me during my work on this thesis. They gave advice and assistance in keeping my progress on schedule.
I would like to express my very great appreciation
to Dr Rod in East Anglia University for his valuable and constructive suggestions during the planning and development of this research
work. His willingness to give his time so generously has been
very much appreciated.
I thank:
(The Main supervisor,The Second supervisor,The Other academic staff in my department,The support staff, Administrative staff,
The referees, funding bodies, the supervisor, Any students who undertook
side projects with me, friends and colleagues) .
I would like to offer my special thanks to the students who undertook side projects with me.
I want to thank my people in charge of the education system in my
country for Funding and inviting me to work on this project.
I would like to thank the schools, companies, associations and
other educational associations for their assistance
with the collection of my data : personnel of schools ( Affiliated Institutions) for their direct technical help, time statistics/data and effort. Special thanks to my colleagues, for their help and support.
I wish to acknowledge the help provided by my public supervisor for his
help, guidance, and advice in times when I needed it most.
I am particularly grateful for the assistance given by my
professors in East Anglia for their general supervision and
general administrative support.
My special thanks are extended to the staff of my team for their
writing assistance, technical
editing, language editing, and proof-reading.”
Finally, I wish to thank my
parents for their support and
encouragement throughout my study.
9-References
1-Some texts from publications of my professors in East Anglia University, Norwich, Norfolk, England, UK.
2-Some quotations from online sites.
3-Some
recommendations, guide and advice from my colleagues who worked with
me collaboratively ad shared in collecting data, analyzed them and
synthesized them .