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Producing messages or texts involves putting
them into a form, using individual sounds,
syllables, words (which may be linked together),
phrases, clauses, sentences and longer
stretches of
a text. Meaning is added by
intonation, and word and sentence stress,
too.
The listener has to be able to decode a lot of
elements to get the
message. Listening can be
either active or passive.Listening is the first
language skill we acquire in our native language.
1-Identifying
sounds, word stress, sentence
stress and intonation.
Plan for the listening task
Set a purpose or decide in advance what to
listen for.
1-Authentic
situations for interactive
listening.
2-Pictures prepare students for non-
interactive listening.
3-Learners answer questions on the listening
text photos and titles to guess the content of
the listening text.
4-Learners
predict and check inaccurate
guesses independently.
Monitor comprehension
Verify predictions and check for inaccurate
guesses.
1-Learners
listen Extensively for skimming,
guess through context and take notes to
discover the main ideas of the listening text.
Evaluate comprehension and strategy use
Evaluate comprehension in a particular task
or area.
1-Learners work in groups to answer the
various exercises on the listening text.
2-I tour the classroom, monitor, encourage
and check.
3-I evaluate comprehension.
kinds of Listening:
2-Two-Way Communication
In authentic two-way communication, the
listener focuses on the speaker's meaning
rather than the speaker's language.
The focus shifts
to language only when
meaning is not clear.
Note the difference between the teacher as
teacher and the teacher as authentic listener
in the dialogues in the popup screens.
1-One-Way Communication
Materials:
Radio and television programs
Procedure:
Help students identify the listening goal: to obtain
specific information;
to decide whether to
continue listening; to understand most or all of
the message.
Types of Listening
Appreciative Listening
When you listen for appreciation you are
listening for enjoyment.
Think about the music
you listen to. You usually listen to music
because you enjoy it. The same can be said
for appreciative listening when
someone is
speaking.
Some common types of appreciative listening
can be found in sermons from places of worship,
from a motivational speech by
people we
respect or hold in high regard, or even from a
standup comedian who makes us laugh.
Empathic Listening
When you listen empathically you are doing so
to show mutual concern.
During this type of
listening you are trying to identify with the
speaker by understanding the situation in which
he/she is discussing.
You are stepping into the
other’s shoes to get a better understanding of
what it is he/she is talking about.
Usually during this type of
listening you want to
be fully present in the moment or mindfully
listening to what the speaker is saying.
Your goal during this time is
to focus on the
speaker, not on yourself. You are trying to
understand from the speaker’s perspective.
Comprehensive Listening
If you are watching the news, listening to a
lecture, or getting
directions from someone, you
are listening to understand or listening to
comprehend the message that is being sent.
This process is active. In
class, you should be
focused, possibly taking notes of the speaker’s
main ideas. Identifying the structure of the speech
and evaluating the
supports he/she offers as
evidence.
This is one of the more difficult
types of listening
because it requires you to not only concentrate
but
to actively participate in the process. The
more you practice listening
to comprehend, the
stronger listener you become.
Critical Listening
As a critical listener you are listening to all parts
of the message, analyzing it, and evaluating what
you heard. When engaging
in critical listening,
you are also critically thinking. You are making
mental judgments based on what you see, hear,
and read.
Your goal as a
critical listener is to evaluate the
message that is being sent and
decide for
yourself if the information is valid.
Listening Activities
1- Listen to your teacher speaking.
2--Listen to the tape.
3--Listen to the CD.
4--Listen to each other in pairs.
5--Listen to the video tape.
6--Listen to the microphone.
7--Listen to answer, draw, paint, design, do,
participate, point, choose,
match,
correct, underline, fill in, analyze and
evaluate.
8--Listening for dual dictation.
9--listen for a class memory quiz.
10-Listening for detecting lies.
