Critical thinking 7

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Jeremiah 17:7

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A summary for my

Researching Journal

Article about:

Critical Thinking 7

----------------------

Critical Thinking and

Assessment

for

higher education

Proposal to Add Critical Thinking Section In College Exams to Promote 'Higher-order Cognition' in Students

Mr. / Girgis

PPT - Critical thinking Assessment Test (CAT) PowerPoint Presentation, free download - ID:3242174

Critical thinking Test

Meaning:

“Critical thinking means making reasoned

judgments that are logical and well-thought out.

It is a way of thinking in which you don’t simply

accept all arguments and conclusions you are

exposed to but rather have an attitude

involving questioning such arguments and

conclusions. It requires wanting to see what

evidence is involved to support a particular

argument or conclusion.”

Science critical thinking test developed is

based on improved Swartz’s thinking

framework that focuses only on comparing

and contrasting, sequencing, and identifying

cause and effect to the Analysing idea

component of Analysis .

These three critical thinking skill constructs

are also in line with the three types of thinking

maps implemented in the program of “I-THINK”

introduced by the Ministry of Education:

(a) Double Bubble map for comparing and contrasting,

(b) Flow Map for sequencing, and

Fig. 1

Critical Thinking and Assessment

How can we assess critical thinking skills?

What is a critical thinking test?

A critical thinking test assesses your ability to use a

range of logical skills to evaluate given information

and make a judgement. The test is presented in such

a way that candidates are expected to quickly scrutinize

the evidence presented and decide on the strength of

the arguments

Critical thinking, also known as critical reasoning,

is the ability to assess a situation and to consider

and understand various perspectives, all while

acknowledging, extracting, and deciphering facts,

opinions, and assumptions.

A Critical Thinking test, also known as a critical reasoning

test, determines your ability to reason through an argument

logically and make an objective decision.

A Critical Thinking test, also known as a critical reasoning

test, determines your ability to reason through an

argument logically and make an objective decision.

You may be required to assess a situation, recognize

assumptions being made, create hypotheses, and

evaluate arguments.

You may be required to assess a situation, recognize

assumptions being made, create hypotheses, and

evaluate arguments.

Why critical thinking is important

for our English students.

If we try to break down the idea of preparing

students for the world we live in, it is fair to say that

critical thinking is important in several ways.

For one, it helps students observe an object (fact,

person, data) from different points of view, like an

artist making sketches of a model from different

angles, observing every detail, discovering new

things at each new angle. That makes them get

out of their comfort zone and challenge their

preconceptions about the object (or even

misconceptions, depending on what they have

previously learned about it), and create new,

better-informed ones.

Critical thinking also has an impact on students’

interpersonal skills. By thinking critically and seeing

things from different angles, students become more

open-minded and empathetic, better communicators,

more inclined to collaborate with their peers and

receive and discuss their ideas. Thinking more

about students as individuals, it is possible to say

that critical thinking helps them develop their creative

side by allowing their thinking process to run more

freely, and explore more possibilities. It will make

them better decision-makers, and with practice, also

help them save time to make those decisions.

Why Is the Critical Thinking Test Important?

Critical thinking, or critical reasoning, is important to

employers because they want to see that when dealing

with an issue, you are able to make logical decisions

without involving emotions. Being able to look past

emotions will help you to be open-minded, confident,

and decisive—making your decisions more logical

and sound.

When Is Critical Thinking Used?

Critical thinking is used in several stages of the

problem-solving and decision-making process:

Defining the problem.

Selecting the relevant information to solve the problem

Recognizing the assumptions that are both written and

implied in the text.

Creating hypotheses and selecting the most relevant

and credible solutions.

Reaching valid conclusions and judging the validity

of inferences.

Requirements in a critical thinking test:

Critical thinking skills learner can:

Understand the links between ideas.

Determine the importance and relevance of arguments.

Recognize, build and appraise arguments.

Identify inconsistencies and errors in reasoning.

Approach problems in a consistent and systematic way.

Critical Thinking Test Examples

As there are various forms of critical thinking, we've

provided a number of critical thinking sample

questions.

The Format of the Test:

1. Identifying biases

This critical thinking skill is necessary for

metacognition, which is the fifth characteristic of

critical thinking. It involves knowing when others

have a cognitive bias and when you have one yourself.

Biases can influence how someone understands

the facts presented to them. But when you’re aware

of those biases, you can question yourself on those

biases and consider other points of view.

Identifying biases is especially important for people

who make hiring decisions. That’s because biases

against groups of minorities can lead to inequalities in

the workplace when not identified.

For example, imagine a hiring manager comparing

two resumes. Their gut feeling could guide them to

discount one of the resumes due to a bias against

the opposite gender. But let’s say this hiring

manager realizes they have this bias. They can then

question themselves on whether or not this bias is

influencing their judgment.

2-Arguments:

In the argument section you are tested on your

ability to distinguish between arguments that are

strong and arguments that are weak.

For an argument to be strong, it must be both important

and directly related to the question.

An argument is weak if it is not directly related to the

question, of minor importance, or it confuses correlation

with causation (which is incorrectly assuming that just

because two things are related, they are the cause of

each other).

In this section, you are given a scenario and a set of

arguments that can be for or against. You need to

determine which are strong arguments and which

are weak, in terms of the information that you have.

This decision is made based on the way they address

the scenario and how relevant they are to the content.

3-Assumptions:

An assumption is something we take for granted.

People make many assumptions which may not necessarily be

correct; being able to identify these is a key aspect of critical

reasoning. An assumption question will include a statement

and a number of assumptions.

In this section, you are being assessed on your ability

to avoid taking things for granted. Each question gives

a scenario including data, and you need to evaluate

whether there are any assumptions present.

4-Deductions:

In deduction questions you have to draw conclusions

based on only the information given in the question and

not your own knowledge. You will be provided with a

small passage of information and you will need to

evaluate a conclusion made based on that passage.

Here you are given a scenario and a number of

deductions that may be applicable. You need to

assess the given deductions to see which is the

logical conclusion – does it follow?

5-Interpretation:

In these questions you are given a passage of

information followed by a proposed conclusion.

You are to regard the information you are given

as true and decide whether the proposed

conclusion logically and beyond doubt follows.

In the interpretation stage, you need to

read and analyze a paragraph of information,

then interpret a set of possible conclusions,

to see which one is correct. You are looking

for the conclusion that follows beyond

reasonable doubt.

6-Inferences:

Inference is a conclusion drawn from

supposed or observed facts.

It is information that does not appear

directly in the given information, but is

drawn from it. If, for instance, we go to

a public restroom and find the door

locked, we will assume/make the

inference that it is occupied.

Inference questions assess your ability

to judge whether a statement is true,

false, or impossible to determine based

on the given data and scenario.

You usually have five possible answers:

absolutely true, absolutely false, possibly

true, possibly false, or not possible to

determine

Inference is the ability to draw conclusions

based on the information you have.

Without inference, it can be difficult to

take action once you’ve analyzed the

facts presented to you.

Processing information is key to coming

up with a reasoned judgment.

For example, let’s go back to the accountant

struggling to assign the correct category to

a business expense. They can analyze

other similar situations and infer the most

logical category based on that information.

7. Identification

In short, identification is necessary for

someone to realize that they need to

think critically about something. Without

proper identification skills, it will be

difficult for someone to know when it’s

time to analyze a situation.

For example, let’s say you’re entering

numbers in a spreadsheet. The numbers

aren’t coming out as they usually do.

Without identification skills, you could

easily keep going without realizing

there’s an issue. But when you identify

what’s going on, you can see that

something is broken in the

spreadsheet’s formula.

Only once you identify the fact that the

formula is broken can you start

analyzing what’s going on to solve the

issue.

8. Curiosity

Don’t be afraid to question everything and

explore what you’re curious about. That’s

because intellectual curiosity is a valuable skill,

especially when it comes to critical

thinking.

One way to practice curiosity is to adopt a

beginner’s mindset. When you come into every

situation with the mindset of a beginner,

you’re able to keep an open mind. You’ll

be able to perceive things you may not

have noticed when keeping your mind

closed.

9. Research

Before you analyze facts and infer a conclusion, you

need to find out what those facts are. Researching

skills allow you to discover facts and figures to make

an argument.

Not all situations will have the required information

available to you. Researching skills are necessary

to dig into a situation and gather the information you

need to think critically.

Some situations don’t require further research. For

example, a first responder who arrives on the scene

of an automobile accident won’t perform further

research. They’ll have to analyze what they see in

front of them and decide which injuries are the most

urgent to care for.

On the other hand, someone performing a market

analysis will need to research competitors and

gather information before coming up with an opinion.

10. Judging relevance

Not all information is equally pertinent. In order to

make a critical judgment, it’s important to be able to

judge the relevance of the information you have.

Take, for instance, basic online researching skills. You

have access to a plethora of information on virtually

every topic imaginable. But performing online research

requires you to constantly judge the relevance of what

you see.

Without judging relevance, you’d spend too much time

on details that don’t matter as much for the final

desired outcome. But when you’re able to discern

what’s most pertinent, you can give that information

more weight as you’re thinking critically.


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